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GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	100-25-4
Chemical Name	p-Dinitrobenzene
Substance ID	R01-A-016
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	New
Classification result in other fiscal year
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	There is a nitro group, a chemical group associated with explosive properties, present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3443), and it is considered to be not applicable to explosives, hazards of the highest precedence, it was classified as "Not classified."
2	Flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
5	Gases under pressure	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	There is information that it is combustible (ICSC (2002)), but the classification is not possible due to no data.
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Type G	- -	-	-	There is a nitro group, a chemical group associated with explosive properties, present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3443), and it is considered to be not applicable to self-reactive substances and mixtures, hazards of the highest precedence, it was classfied in Type G.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3443), and it is considered to be not applicable to pyrophoric solids, hazards of the highest precedence.
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	No data available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded to an element (N) other than carbon or hydrogen. However, the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is not desensitized by wetting, dilution, etc.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) LDLo for rats: 29 mg/kg (2 out of 9 animals died) (DFGOT vol.1 (1990))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Though there was a description of (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) m-Dinitrobenzene (CAS RN 99-65-0), an isomer of this substance, caused only slight irritation to the eyes, but no irritation to the skin. The physicochemical properties of this substance were similar to those of m-dinitrobenzene, suggesting that the irritating properties of this substance are also limited (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Though there was a description of (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) m-Dinitrobenzene (CAS RN 99-65-0), an isomer of this substance, caused only slight irritation to the eyes, and no irritation to the skin. The physicochemical properties of this substance were similar to those of m-dinitrobenzene, suggesting that the irritating properties of this substance are also limited (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] There were no in vivo data. Therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vitro, there were positive results in bacterial reverse mutation tests (DFGOT Vol. 1 (1990)).
6	Carcinogenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) o-Dinitrobenzene (CAS RN 528-29-0) and m-dinitrobenzene (CAS RN 99-65-0), the isomers of this substance, were classified as D by EPA (IRIS (1991)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) This substance did not cause testicular toxicity in rats (PATTY (6th, 2012)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (blood system)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] There were no reports of single exposure tests of this substance in humans. Based on the information in (1) for experimental animals, it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). [Evidence Data] (1) There is a report of a single oral administration test with rats, in which cyanosis was noted 2 hours after administration of 50 mg/kg (equivalent to Category 1) of this substance, and a pale blue color remained on the skin around the nose and mouth and on the feet even after 18 hours (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1994)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) There is a description that in a comparative study by single intraperitoneal injection to rats, this substance is the most potent methemoglobin producer among the three isomers of dinitrobenzene (DFGOT vol.1 (1990)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (blood system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). [Evidence Data] (1) Although this substance did not cause testicular toxicity in rats, it led to cyanosis, splenic enlargement, and methemoglobinemia from prolonged exposure (PATTY (6th, 2012)). (2) There is a description that in a comparative study by single intraperitoneal injection to rats, this substance is the most potent methemoglobin producer among the three isomers of dinitrobenzene (DFGOT vol.1 (1990)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) m-Dinitrobenzene (CAS RN: 99-65-0), an isomer of this substance, was classified in Category 1 (visual organs, central nervous system, blood system, reproductive organs (men)) (GHS classification result in FY 2019).
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 72-hour EC50 = 0.15 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2012)).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified in Category 1 due to being not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by TOC: 0%, a degradation rate by GC: 20% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1977)), and 72-hour NOEC = 0.0038 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2012)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified in Category 1 due to being not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by TOC: 0%, a degradation rate by GC: 20% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1977)), and 96-hour LC50 = 0.48 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2012)). From the above results, it was classified in Category 1.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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