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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	543-90-8
Chemical Name	Cadmium acetate
Substance ID	H29-B-032
Classification year (FY)	FY2017
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (J) (2007)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (J) (2007)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (J) (2007)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water from the observation result of being very soluble in water (ICSC (J) (2007)).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine or chlorine but contains oxygen, and the oxygen is ionically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (Cd) and does not contribute to oxidation.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There is a report of an LD50 value of 333 mg/kg (RTECS (Access on July 2017)) for rats, and it was classified in Category 4 based on this data in the previous classification. However, RTECS is listed as List 3 in the current GHS classification guidance for the Japanese Government, and since the original source was not available, the details could not be confirmed. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." The classification result was changed from the previous classification.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that cadmium is a skin irritant in humans (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, there is a description that skin irritation was observed by contact with this substance (HSFS (2008)). However, since this information source was listed as List 3 and the original source was not possible to confirm, this information was not adopted as evidence of classification.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	There is a report that it is an irritant to the eyes in humans (HSDB (Access on June 2017)). Since there is no information available for subcategorization, it was classified in Category 2.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2	Warning	H341	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	There is no in vivo data. As for in vitro, a mammalian cell gene mutation test was positive (HSDB (Access on June 2017)). Cadmium and its compounds were classified in 3A (substances with high potential for germ cell mutation) for Germ Cell Mutagen Category in MAK/BAT (2016). Therefore, in Category 2 because effects on germ cell mutation at least in vivo were predicted.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	IARC concluded that there was sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in humans on cadmium and cadmium compounds because cadmium and its compounds caused cancer of the lung in humans; and there are positive associations were observed between exposure to cadmium and its compounds and cancers of the kidney and of the prostate. Also, IARC concluded that there was sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity of cadmium compounds in experimental animals based on the results of carcinogenicity studies of experimental animals, in which cadmium chloride was mainly used. Thus, IARC classified cadmium and its compounds in Group 1 (IARC 101C (2012)). Other than this, cadmium and its compounds were classified as K by NTP (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)) and in Group 1 by the Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2016), proposal in 1996). From the above, this substance was also classified in Category 1A as a cadmium compound.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1A	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for humans, there are multiple epidemiological studies on developmental effects in pregnant women with cadmium poisoning including the following (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2013)): in the population of pregnant women in the Jintzu River basin, a significant shortening of pregnancy period and a significantly higher birth ratio of low-weight infants were seen in the group of pregnant women with high urinary cadmium concentration, compared with the group with low urinary cadmium concentration; among the pregnant women in Bangladesh, a significantly negative correlation between urinary cadmium concentration and birth weights of female infants was observed; in a cohort study of mother and child, cadmium level in the maternal blood was inversely correlated with the head circumference of the infant, and rise in cadmium level in the cord blood significantly lowered the height, weight and head circumference in a 3-year-old child; and also in a study on pregnant women in Tokyo, a significantly negative correlation was found between urinary cadmium concentration and birth weights of infants. Also in experimental animals, in studies in which pregnant animals were orally dosed with cadmium compounds (mainly cadmium chloride, but there are several reports on this substance), there are many reports on developmental effects such as lowered body weight, increases in skeletal variation and malformation, and increased embryo/fetal resorptions in fetuses, and neurodevelopmental impairments (decreased spontaneous motor activity, delay in the development of sensory motor coordination reflexes, etc.) and decreased renal function in pups (ATSDR (2012)). Cadmium and its compounds were classified as reproductive toxicants Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) based on epidemiological research reports and findings in experimental animals (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2013)). From the above, this substance was classified in Category 1A for this hazard class.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	Although there is no information on single exposure of this substance in humans and experimental animals, information on other cadmium compounds is considered to serve as reference. As acute toxicity of general cadmium compounds in humans, pneumonia and pulmonary edema by inhalation exposure, and sudden and severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain by the oral ingestion were reported (EHC 134 (1992)). Cadmium oxide (CAS RN 1306-19-0) is reported to show effects on the respiratory organs and gastrointestinal system in humans and experimental animals (ATSDR (2008)). In addition, cadmium chloride (CAS RN 10108-64-2) is reported to show effects on the respiratory organs, gastrointestinal system, and liver in humans and experimental animals (ATSDR (2008)). Based on these information, cadmium oxide was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, gastrointestinal system), and cadmium chloride was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, liver, gastrointestinal system) in the GHS classification in FY2009. From the above information, it is considered that this substance also may affect the respiratory organs and gastrointestinal tract in humans similarly to other cadmium compounds. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract). Besides, in the previous classification, the kidney and liver were also adopted as target organs based on the description in HSDB (2003) that the kidneys and liver were damaged by oral ingestion of this substance in humans. However, since details of the description in HSDB (Access on June 2017) were unknown, it was judged insufficient as an evidence for classification, and the classification result was changed.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, kidney, bone)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There is no information on this substance in humans. However, there are descriptions that cadmium shows toxicity to a wide range of organs and tissues, but the primary target organs are the kidneys, bones and lungs by inhalation are also highly sensitive to the toxicity (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, it is described that that long-term occupational exposure caused severe chronic effects, predominantly in the lungs and kidneys, and chronic renal damage was also seen among the general population; that among other effects are inhibition of calcium metabolism, hypercalcemia, and formation of renal stones; and that high exposure to cadmium, most probably in combination with other factors such as nutritional deficiencies, may lead to the development of osteoporosis and osteomalacia (EHC 134 (1992)). As for experimental animals, it is reported that in a study in which rats were exposed by inhalation at 1.6 mg Cd/m3 of this substance for 2-6 weeks (3 hours/day, 5 days/week), thickening of the alveolar septa and mononuclear cell and polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregates were observed after 2 weeks of exposure; inflammatory response decreased after 3 weeks of exposure; however, no significant histopathological alteration was observed in rats after being exposed for 4, 5, or 6 weeks (ATSDR (2012)). From the above, since it is only a report that adaptability is shown after the exposure of low concentrations in experimental animals, it could not be used for the classification. As for humans, the possibility of effects on the respiratory organs, kidneys and bones were shown. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, kidney, bone). Since the information source which was listed in List 2 in the previous classification is currently listed in List 3, it was not used for classification, and a new information source was used, the classification result was different from the previous one.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	From 96-hour LC50 = 0.013 mg/L [converted value 0.0062 mgCd/L] for fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (EPA AQUIRE: 2017, Kumada, H. et al. (1980)), it was classified in Category 1.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Although the behavior of a metal salt in water is unknown, metal is regarded to be non-biodegradable due to an element, and this substance is classified in Category 1 for acute toxicity. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

NOTE:

* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted.
* Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement.
Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file.
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government,
and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.
* Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are
based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations.

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