GHS Classification Result
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 79-43-6 |
| Chemical Name | Dichloroacetic acid |
| Substance ID | H27-B-022/C-043B_P |
| Classification year (FY) | FY2015 |
| Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
| New/Revised | Revised |
| Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
| Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive properties. |
| 2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not an aerosol product. |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on a flash point of > 110 degrees C (closed cup) (GESTIS (Access on June 2015)), it was classified as "Not classified." |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to no data, the classification is not possible. |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No established test method suitable for liquid substances. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not containing metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine but contains oxygen and chlorine, and the oxygen and the chlorine are not chemically bonded to the elements other than carbon or hydrogen. |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is an organic compound that does not contain bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Category 1 |
 Warning |
H290 | P234 P390 P406 |
Because it is written that it is a strong acid and corrosive to many metals (ICSC (2000)), it was classified in Category 1. Besides, it is classified in class 8, PGII in UNRTDG (UN1764). |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | All of three reported LD50 values of 2,820 mg/kg (Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006)), 2,820-4,480 mg/kg, and > 5,000 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2005)) for rats correspond to "Not classified." Because two of them correspond to Category 5 in UN GHS classification, it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification). |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Category 3 |
 Danger |
H311 | P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501 |
From a reported LD50 value of 510 mg/kg for rabbits (ACGIH (7th, 2005)), it was classified in Category 3. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Liquids" according to GHS definition. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H314 | P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501 |
It is written that irritation was observed after the application of 10 mg this substance in rabbits (ACGIH (7th, 2005)) and that severe irritation was found after the 24-hour application of 2 mg this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2005)). Moreover, it is not specific information, but it is written that this substance is corrosive to the skin (Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006); GESTIS (Access on July 2015)). Furthermore, this substance is classified in "Skin. Corr. 1A H314" in EU CLP classification (ECHA CL inventory (Access on September 2015)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H318 | P305+P351+P338 P280 P310 |
It is written that it is severely irritating to rabbit eyes (ACGIH (7th, 2005)), and it is reported that severe irritation was observed after application of this substance into rabbit eyes, and it was rated ten on a scale of one to ten (HSDB (Access on July 2015)). Besides these, it is written that it is corrosive to human eyes (Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006); GESTIS (Access on July 2015)), and that it causes irreversible damage to human eyes (SITTIG (5th, 2008), HSFS (1999)). Moreover, this substance was classified in Category 1 for skin corrosion/irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1. |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Category 2 |
 Warning |
H341 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
As for in vivo, the following results were reported (IARC vol. 84 (2004), IARC vol. 106 (2014), ACGIH (7th, 2005)): a gene mutation test using the liver of transgenic mice was positive; a micronucleus test in rat bone marrow cells was negative; a micronucleus test in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes was positive and negative; a DNA damage test (DNA strand break) in mouse liver and so on was positive and negative; and a DNA damage test (DNA strand break) in rat liver was positive and negative. As for in vitro, positive and negative results in a bacterial reverse mutation test, a mouse lymphoma test, a chromosomal aberration test in cultured mammalian cells and a negative result in a micronucleus test and a DNA damage test (DNA strand break) in cultured mammalian cells were reported (IARC vol. 84 (2004), IRIS Tox. Review (2003), ACGIH (7th, 2005)). From the above, because positive in vivo and in vitro results were observed, the substance was classified in Category 2. |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
This substance was classified in Group 2B by IARC (IARC vol. 106 (2014)), A3 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2005)). There is insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, but as for experimental animals, in many carcinogenicity tests in mice in drinking water administration, an increased incidence of hepatocellular tumors was observed in both males and females. Moreover, also in a carcinogenicity test in male rats in drinking water administration, an increased incidence of hepatocellular tumors was found (IARC vol. 106 (2014)). Furthermore, also in a test using genetically modified mice, significantly increased incidences were observed in alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma after drinking water administration and in skin papilloma after the dermal application (IARC vol. 106 (2014), NTP GMM 11 (2007)). It was concluded that there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals (IARC vol. 106 (2014)). As above, the substance was classified in Category 2 in accordance with the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
There is no reproductive effect information in humans. As for experimental animals, it is reported that in a test in pregnant rats in gavage administration during an organogenetic period (day 6-15 of gestation), at the doses (140 mg/kg/day or higher) where maternal toxicity (weight gain reduction, increased liver/kidney weight) occurred, decreased fetal weight, and an increased incidence of malformations in cardiovascular system (malformations of right ventricle and aorta) were observed (ACGIH (7th, 2005), IRIS Tox. Rev. (2003)). In another test of similar conditions, after administration at the dose of 300 mg/kg/day, weight gain reduction in maternal animals and lower fetal weight in fetuses were observed, but malformations in cardiovascular system were not observed. The authors confirmed in the additional test that malformations occurred at the extremely high dose. Besides these, it is reported that an increased incidence of cardiac malformations (interventricular septal defects) occurred after oral administration of 3 days at 2,500 mg/kg or single at 3,500 mg/kg in pregnant rats during day 9-13 of gestation (ACGIH (7th, 2005), IRIS Tox. Rev. (2003)). On the other hand, in a test in which male rats were administered for 10 weeks (gavage) within a dose range of 31.25-125 mg/kg/day followed by necropsy after slaughtering, and a part of animals were mated with unexposed females after the last dosing, and a number of live implanted embryos was evaluated on day 14 of gestation, decreased weight of reproductive organs (preputial glands, epididymis) were observed at the lowest dose or above in males at the last dosing. Moreover, decreases in epididymal sperm counts and motility, change in sperm morphology were found at the middle dose (62.5 mg/kg/day) or higher where weight gain reduction was observed, and aspermatogenesis of testis was additionally found at the high dose (125 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, after males of the high-dose group were mated with untreated females, a decreased number of live implanted embryos per litter was found on day 14 of gestation (ACGIH (7th, 2005), IRIS Tox. Rev. (2003)). As above, as for experimental animals, due to the information indicating reproductive/developmental toxicity in both males and females, it is judged that toxic effects generally occur at the dose where parent animals show general toxicity effects. Taking into account malformations in the cardiovascular system of fetuses, and findings showing aspermatogenesis and decreased fertility in male parent animals, it is thought that classification in Category 1B is appropriate in this hazard class. |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs) |
Danger |
H370 | P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
This substance is corrosive and irritating to the respiratory tract (ACGIH (7th, 2005); Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006)), and it is corrosive also in oral ingestion (Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006)). As for humans, inhalation of vapour causes burning sensation, pharyngalgia, cough, a feeling of smothering, shortness of breath, emphysema, and oral ingestion causes abdominal pain, burning sensation, shock, or prostration, possibly leading to deaths. (Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006)) There is no information in experimental animals. From the effects on respiratory organs in inhalation mentioned above, the substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory system). The previous classification was revised. |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 2 (liver, pancreas, kidney, male genitalia) |
Danger Warning |
H372 H373 |
P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
As for humans, effects on the nervous system (sedation, polyneuropathy) were reported in the cases in which the substance was used to treat metabolic diseases (patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, congenital lactic acidosis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency) (ACGIH (7th, 2005); Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006); IARC vol. 84 (2004); IRIS Tox. Review (2003)). As for experimental animals, in a 90-day drinking water administration toxicity test using rats, weight gain reduction, increased relative liver/kidney weight, and increased ALP were observed at 35.5 mg/kg/day or higher, and in a 60-week drinking water administration toxicity test using mice, increased relative liver weight was found at 77 mg/kg/day or above (ACGIH (7th, 2005); Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006); IRIS Tox. Review (2003)). Moreover, for sodium salt of this substance, the following was observed in a 90-day gavage administration toxicity test using dogs (ACGIH (7th, 2005); Result of the initial environmental risk assessment of chemicals, Vol. 5, Ministry of the Environment in Japan, Tentative hazard assessment sheet (2006); IRIS Tox. Review (2003)): increased relative liver weight, slight vacuolization/inflammation/hemosiderosis of the liver, chronic inflammation/acinar degeneration of the pancreas, paling of the kidney, vacuolization of white matter of cerebrum/cerebellum/spinal cord, syncytial giant cell formation and degeneration of germinal epithelium in the testis at 12.5 mg/kg/day or higher, weight gain reduction, increased relative kidney weight, atrophy of prostate with significantly decreased gland cells at 39.5 mg/kg/day or above dyspnea, partial paralysis of the hindlimb, and deaths (3/10), decreases in red blood cell count/hemoglobin level, pneumonia, increased relative lung weight, and cerebromeningitis at 72 mg/kg/day As above, effects on the nervous system were observed in humans, and effects on liver, pancreas, kidney, nervous system, male genitalia were found within a range of Category 2 in experimental animals. Therefore, the substance was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 2 (liver, pancreas, kidney, male genitalia). |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 3 |
- |
H402 | P273 P501 |
From 96-hour LC50 = 23000 micro g/L for crustacea (Nitocra spinipes) (MEPC 67/INF.17, 2014; AQUIRE, 2016), it was classified in Category 3. |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Due to rapid degradability (readily degradable: a degradation rate by 14-day BOD = 97%, a degradation rate by TOC = 94%, a degradation rate by HPLC = 100% (Official Bulletin of Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 1979)), and a low bioaccumulation estimate (LogPow = 0.92 (PHYSPROP Database, 2009)), although acute toxicity Category 3, it was classified as "Not classified." |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data. |
NOTE:
| * A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted. * Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement. Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file. * Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. * Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations. |