Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 8052-42-4 |
Chemical Name | Asphalt (straight asphalt) |
Substance ID | H27-A-018/C-018A_P |
Classification year (FY) | FY2015 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | New |
Classification result in other fiscal year | |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that there are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive properties. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not an aerosol product. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is combustible, but the classification is not possible due to no data. |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that there are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an ignition point of 485 degrees C (GESTIS (Access on June 2015)). |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No established test method suitable for solid substances with a melting point of 140 degrees C or lower. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water from water solubility data measured. Water solubility: not soluble (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it is an organic compound which contains oxygen, and the oxygen is not chemically bonded to the elements other than carbon or hydrogen, but the classification is not possible due to no data. |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is an organic compound that does not contain bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No established test method suitable for solid substances. |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | "Solids" according to GHS definition. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The classification is not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there are reports on occupational exposure in humans including the information that skin irritation was observed (DFGOT vol.17 (2002)) and multiple reports about burns from heated this substance (CICAD 59 (2005), DFGOT vol.17 (2002)). However, they were not used for the classification because they were effects of repeated exposure. |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H319 | P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280 |
Because there are multiple reports of conjunctivitis and eye irritation by the vapour of this substance in occupational exposure, it was classified in Category 2 (CICAD 59 (2005), DFGOT vol.17 (2002)). Reversible conjunctivitis was observed as a result of multiple exposures to the vapour of this substance to rabbits, but there is a description of "reversible" (CICAD 59 (2005), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H341 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
As for in vivo, the following was reported: a micronucleus test in rat bone marrow after intratracheal injection using asphalt fume condensate was positive; a micronucleus test in rat bone marrow and peripheral blood after inhalation using asphalt fumes or asphalt fume condensate was negative (above IARC 103 (2013)); a gene mutation test using transgenic rats and mice in inhalation exposure by nose using asphalt fumes or asphalt fume condensate was negative (IARC 103 (2013), CICAD 59 (2005)); and a DNA damage test (such as DNA adduct formation) in intratracheal injection, inhalation exposure by nose, or dermal application in rats or mice using asphalt fumes, asphalt fume condensate, or asphalt paints was positive and negative (IARC 103 (2013), CICAD 59 (2005), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)). As for in vitro, the following results were reported: a bacterial reverse mutation test was positive and negative (IARC 103 (2013), ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 59 (2005), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)); and a micronucleus test, a chromosomal aberration test, and a DNA damage test in cultured mammalian cells were positive and negative (IARC 103 (2013), ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 59 (2005), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)). From the above, although there are negative data, taking the presence of a positive result of in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity test, a positive result of in vivo somatic cell genotoxicity test, a positive result of in vitro mutagenicity test, and the information that this substance is mutagenic (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) into account comprehensively, the substance was classified in Category 2. |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
An IARC working group summarized available information on carcinogenicity by occupational exposure to asphalt and conducted a carcinogenicity evaluation by focusing on the IARC-led multicenter cohort study that was considered to be the largest scaled and the most detailed in analysis both by levels of exposure to asphalt and by confounders (IARC vol. 103 (2013)). As a result, an association between exposure and carcinogenicity was not shown for straight asphalt (this substance, a substance corresponding to "class 1" in an IARC evaluation) to which road paving workers are possible to exposed during work, and evidence of carcinogenicity was regarded as insufficient. On the other hand, as for experimental animals, there are many test results by dermal application, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, and inhalation exposure using mice, rats, hamsters, and so on, but a few reliable results. There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in a carcinogenicity test (mainly in a dermal route) on "a pooled sample" containing both this substance and oxidatively treated asphalt (oxidized asphalt mentioned below), not this substance alone. In conclusion, occupational exposure to this substance and fumes of this substance during road paving work was classified in Group 2B in human carcinogenicity (IARC vol. 103 (2013)). Besides this, as an existing classification result in carcinogenicity, ACGIH classified asphalt fume (coal tar-free) in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). As above, from the latest classification result by IARC, the substance was classified in "Category 2" in this hazard class. Besides, in an association analysis in an epidemiological study on roofers handling oxidized asphalt that is manufactured by blowing air to this substance heated to 200 to 300 degrees C (blown asphalt (CAS No. : 64742-94-3), a substance corresponding to "class 2" in an IARC evaluation), a positive association between exposure and an incidence of lung cancer and cancers of the upper respiratory/digestive tract (cancers of oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus) was observed, and there was limited evidence of carcinoma in occupational exposure. Therefore, occupational exposure to oxidized asphalt and its fumes during waterproofing roofs was classified in Group 2A in human carcinogenicity (IARC vol. 103 (2013)). |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible. |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 3 (Respiratory tract irritation) |
Warning |
H335 | P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501 |
Because asphalt fumes are irritating to the respiratory tract (ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 59 (2005)), it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory system) |
Danger |
H372 | P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
As for humans, rhinitis, oropharyngeal or larynx inflammation, and bronchitis by fumes in an inhalation route and dermatitis, acne-like changes, and slight keratosis in dermal exposure to fumes were reported. (ACGIG (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)) Besides, as for experimental animals, effects on respiratory organs were observed in an inhalation toxicity test using mice (ACGIG 7th (2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)). However, due to no description of an exposure concentration, it cannot be used for the classification. Moreover, in a case of application of 2.5 mg in a toxicity test using mice in an 82-week dermal administration toxicity test, hyperplasia of the epidermis, ulceration of the dermis accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and small abscess, and amyloidosis of the spleen and liver were reported. (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)) However, due to a test of one dose only and an application frequency of twice/week, it was judged that it could not be used for the classification. Because effects on respiratory organs were observed in humans, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory system). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | From the information that elementary analyses revealed that asphalt contains a trace to a small amount of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and metallic vanadium besides hydrocarbon compounds (IARC vol. 103 (2013)), it is not a mixture of pure hydrocarbons. On top of that, there is no case showing "aspiration hazard" in humans. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data. |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data. |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data. |
* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted. * Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement. Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file. * Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. * Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations. |