GHS Classification Result

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 78-89-7
Chemical Name 2-Chloro-1-propanol
Substance ID H27-A-005, C-005A_P
Classification year (FY) FY2015
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised New
Classification result in other fiscal year  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- -  There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive properties.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- -  Not an aerosol product.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
6 Flammable liquids Category 3


Warning
H226 P303+P361+P353
P370+P378
P403+P235
P210
P233
P240
P241
P242
P243
P280
P501
 From a flash point of 44 degrees C (closed cup) (GESTIS (Access on June 2015)), it was classified in Category 3.
 Besides, it is classified in class 6.1, subsidiary risk 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN2611).
7 Flammable solids Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- -  There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to no data, the classification is not possible.
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No established test method suitable for liquid substances.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable
-
-
- -  Not containing metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- -  It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine but contains chlorine and oxygen and the chlorine and oxygen are not chemically bonded to the elements other than carbon or hydrogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- -  An organic compound that does not contain bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to no data, the classification is not possible.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 3


Danger
H301 P301+P310
P264
P270
P321
P330
P405
P501
 From an LD50 value of 218 mg/kg for rats (HSDB (Access on June 2015)), it was classified in Category 3.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 3


Danger
H311 P302+P352
P361+P364
P280
P312
P321
P405
P501
 An LD50 value of 440 mg/kg for rats (ACGIH (7th, 2002)) and LD50 values of 480 mg/kg and about 500 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), 530.6 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012); ACGIH (7th, 2002)) for rabbits were reported on this substance of technical grade (consisting of 75% 1-chloro-2-propanol and 25% this substance).
 Therefore, the substance was classified in Category 3.
 Besides, 1-chloro-2-propanol and 2-chloro-1-propanol have the equivalent toxicity in acute toxicity (oral) (both substances are classified in Category 3 because an oral LD50 value of 1-chloro-2-propanol is 100 to 300 mg/kg and that of 2-chloro-1-propanol is 218 mg/kg). Therefore, they are considered to have the equivalent toxicity also in a dermal route.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- -  "Liquids" according to GHS definition.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2


Warning
H315 P302+P352
P332+P313
P362+P364
P264
P280
P321
 From the information that this substance is irritating to skin (HSDB (Access on June 2015)), it was classified in Category 2.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2


Warning
H319 P305+P351+P338
P337+P313
P264
P280
 From the information that this substance is irritating to eyes (HSDB (Access on June 2015)), it was classified in Category 2.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2


Warning
H341 P308+P313
P201
P202
P280
P405
P501
 There is no data of this substance only.
 Besides, for a product containing 25% this substance (25% this substance and 75% 1-chloro-2-propanol), as for in vivo, it is reported that a micronucleus test using peripheral blood of mice by drinking water administration was negative, however, a chromosomal aberration test using bone marrow cells of rats by oral administration was positive, and a chromosomal aberration test using mammalian (details unknown) was positive (NTP DB (Access on June 2015); ACGIH (7th, 2002)).
 As for in vitro, it is reported that a bacterial reverse mutation test, a mouse lymphoma test, a chromosomal aberration test, a micronucleus test and a sister chromatid exchange test using cultured mammalian cells were all positive (NTP DB (Access on June 2015), ACGIH (7th, 2002), NTP TR 477 (1998), PATTY (6th, 2012)).
 Because it is discribed that 1-chloro-2-propanol is slightly less mutagenic than an isomer mixture in ACGIH (2002) and this substance and 1-chloro-2-propanol are considered to show almost the equivalent mutagenicity, it was classified based on the data of an isomer mixture.
 From the above, because positive results were observed in multiple in vitro tests in addition to positive result of in vivo chromosomal aberration tests, the substance was classified in Category 2.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- -  There is no information of carcinogenicity in humans by exposure to this substance only.
 In a cohort study with male workers in plant manufacturing chlorohydrin compounds including this substance and 1-chloro-2-propanol (an isomer of this substance), increased mortality from pancreatic carcinoma and lymphohematopoietic tumors was first reported.
 However, later the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) conducted a human carcinogenicity evaluation on the related compounds including propylene chlorohydrin (another name of this substance) (IARC vol. 20 (1978)) and considered the report of carcinogenicity at the plant manufacturing chlorohydrin compounds was insufficient as the epidemiological evidence of carcinogenicity. The process in which the IARC concluded that there is no increased carcinogenic risk for any tumors is quoted in ACGIH (7th, 2002). Furthermore, following the IARC evaluation, in the epidemiological studies of other three chlorohydrin compounds production facilities, it is also reported that there is no association between work in the plants and an increase in pancreatic cancer incidences (ACGIH (7th, 2002)). However, ACGIH pointed out that the follow-up period of the report that concluded no association was a short time of 25 years against the 35-year cohort follow-up period of the study in which the increased mortality from pancreatic carcinoma was reported and ACGIH made a remark that they could not cocluded yet if there is the association between the exposure to this substance and the carcinogenicity from the epidemiological studies (ACGIH (7th, 2002)).
 Related to this, in a cohort study on death cases from pancreatic carcinoma and lymphohematopoietic tumors of 1,361 male workers at an ethylene and propylene chlorohydrin production plant in the U.S., no increased risk of pancreatic carcinoma and lymphohematopoietic tumors was described (PATTY (6th, 2012)).
 On the other hand, as for experimental animals, there is no carcinogenicity test using this substance, however, it is described that an increased incidence of tumors was not observed in any tissues in a test in which rats or mice were administrated for two years in drinking water with a mixture containing 25% this substance and 75% 1-chloro-2-propanol (ACGIH (7th, 2002); PATTY (6th, 2012)).
 As above, there is no evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. However, because of the judgment that no conclusion could be reached on the association between exposure to this substance and human carcinogenicity from the human epidemiological data, ACGIH classified this substance and 1-chloro-2-propanol in A4 in carcinogenicity (ACGIH (7th, 2002)).
 From the above, taking the ACGIH's position into account, the substance was classified as "Classification not possible" in carcinogenicity.
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- -  There is no reproductive toxicity information by exposure to this substance of either humans or experimental animals.
 However, the effects on fertility were not observed in a continuous breeding test in which rats were administered in drinking water with a technical grade product containing 25% this substance and 75% 1-chloro-2-propanol (ACGIH (7th, 2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)).
 Therefore, the substance was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)


Warning
H335
H336
P304+P340
P403+P233
P261
P271
P312
P405
P501
 This substance is irritating to the respiratory tract (HSDB (Access on June 2015)).
 Although it is not possible to identify this substance alone or an isomer mixture, in experimental animals, narcosis was observed by oral administration in rats and guinea pigs (ACGIH (7th, 2002)). There is no knowledge on humans.
 From the above, the substance was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (haemal system, liver),
Category 2 (kidney, pancreas)


Danger
Warning
H372
H373
P260
P264
P270
P314
P501
 There is no information on repeated dose toxicity of this substance alone but repeated dose toxicity information was obtained on 1-chloro-2-propanol of technical grade containing this substance (1-chloro-2-propanol: 75%, this substance: 25%). In ACGIH (7th, 2002), TLV-TWA of 1-chloro-2-propanol and this substance was the same 1 ppm based on the data of 1-chloro-2-propanol of technical grade. Therefore, assumimg that the toxicity of each isomer is equivalent, this substance was classified based on the data on this substance of technical grade.
 As for experimental animals, in a 14-week drinking water administration test using rats, minimal to mild anemia at 5 mg/kg/day or higher corresponding to Category 1, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the liver at 10 mg/kg/day or above corresponding to Category 2, and degeneration/fatty change of pancreatic acinar cells at 100 mg/kg/day or higher were observed. Besides these, degeneration of tubular epithelium in the kidney or decreased epididymis weights and increased abnormal sperm were found at 220 mg/kg/day corresponding to "Not classified."
 In a 14-week drinking water administration test using mice, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the liver at 5 mg/kg/day or higher corresponding to Category 1 and tubular vacuolization of the kidney at 100 mg/kg/day corresponding to Category 2 were observed. Besides these, degeneration/fatty change of pancreatic acinar cells and slight anemia were found at 220 mg/kg/day corresponding to "Not classified" (NTP TR477 (1998); ACGIH (7th, 2002); PATTY (6th, 2012)).
 Other than the above, in a 2 to 15-time inhalation exposure test using rats, congestion and perivascular edema in the lung were observed within a range of Category 1 and in dead cases, enlargement/vacuolization of hepatocytes in the liver and interstitial pneumonia in the lung were observed.
 However, because the data are insufficient due to small animal numbers of 2 to 4/sex/group and small numbers of administration, they were not used for the classification.
 Therefore, the substance was classified in Category 1 (blood system, liver), Category 2 (kidney, pancreas) in an oral route.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Due to lack of data, the classification is not possible.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data.
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data.


NOTE:
* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted.
* Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement.
Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file.
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government,
and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.
* Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are
based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals iGHSj in United Nations.

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