Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 7778-50-9 |
Chemical Name | Potassium dichromate |
Substance ID | H26-B-140, R-086 |
Classification year (FY) | FY2014 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
7 | Flammable solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)). |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)). |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)). |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Because data of water solubility: 12 g/100 mL (20 deg C) (ICSC (2013)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water. |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen), but the classification is not possible due to no data. Besides, it is described that it enhances combustion of other substances (ICSC (2013)). |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is an inorganic compound. |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 2 |
Danger |
H300 |
P301+P310
P361+P364 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501 |
There are 6 data items for LD50 values of 17 mg/kg (female), 26 mg/kg (male) (ATSDR (2012)), 48 mg/kg (female), 74 mg/kg (male) (EU-RAR (2005)), 149 mg/kg (female) and 177 mg/kg (male) for rats (EHC 61 (1988)). Since 3 of these values each correspond to Category 2 and 3, respectively, it was classified in Category 2 to which the minimum LD50 value corresponds. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Category 3 |
Danger |
H311 |
P302+P352
P280 P312 P321 P361 P364 P405 P501 |
There are 2 data items for LD50 values of 403 mg/kg (male) (ATSDR (2012)) and 1,150 mg/kg for rabbits (EU-RAR (2005)). Since they correspond to Category 3 and Category 4, respectively, it was classified in Category 3 to which the smaller LD50 value corresponds. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Category 1 |
Danger |
H330 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501 |
There are reports of 3 LC50 values (4 hours) of 0.029 mg/L (female), 0.035 mg/L (male) (ATSDR (2012)) and 0.099 mg/L for rats (EU-RAR (2005)). Since 2 of the values correspond to Category 1 and 1 value to Category 2, it was classified in Category 1 to which the larger number of values corresponds. Although the saturated vapor concentration is unknown due to no vapor pressure data, on the basis that it is described as an aerosol and that it is a solid, the reference values as the dust were used. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H314 |
P301+P330+P331
P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501 |
There are reports that after application of this substance to rabbits for 4 hours, erythema and edema of Grade 3 or less were observed and the reaction was still observed even after 6 days (EU-RAR (2005)), and that irritation reactions (sores) were observed in a skin irritation test with guinea pigs (EU-RAR (2005)). In addition, there is a report that after application of a 0.5% solution of this substance to volunteers, slight irritation was observed (EU-RAR (2005)). It is described in an occupational exposure report that ulcers and scars were observed by exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, although they are not specific test reports, there are many reports that hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFGOT vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). From the above results, it was judged in Category 1. This substance was classified in "C; R34" in EU DSD classification, and in " Skin Corr. 1B H314" in EU CLP classification. |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H318 |
P305+P351+P338
P280 P310 |
There is a report that although vesiculation was observed in a human accident case in which a crystal or a droplet of this substance entered the eye, reversibility was unknown (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, this substance was classified in Category 1 in the classification for skin corrosion/irritation. From the above results, it was judged in Category 1. |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Category 1 |
Danger |
H334 |
P304+P340
P342+P311 P261 P284 P501 |
The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than the divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R42" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Resp. Sens. 1 H334" in the EU CLP classification. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1 |
Warning |
H317 |
P302+P352
P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501 |
There is a report of a positive reaction after application of this substance in a patch test in humans (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, there is a report that a positive reaction was observed in a maximization test with guinea pigs (EU-RAR (2005)). Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R43" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Sens. 1 H317" in the EU CLP classification. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H340 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
As for in vivo, it was positive or negative in dominant lethal tests with mice, positive in a chromosomal aberration test with mouse spermatocytes, and it was positive throughout in a mouse spot test, micronucleus tests with mice and hamsters, chromosomal aberration tests with mouse bone marrow cells, gene mutation tests with mouse hepatocytes and bone marrow cells, and DNA damage tests with leukocytes and in cells of the liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain of mice (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), IARC 49 (1990)). As for in vitro, it was positive throughout in bacterial reverse mutation tests, a gene mutation test and a chromosomal aberration test with cultured mammalian cells, and a DNA damage test with human lymphocytes (ATSDR (2012), EHC 61 (1988), IARC 49 (1990), NTP DB (Access on December 2014)). From the above findings and because this substance is water-soluble Cr (VI), it was classified in Category 1B. |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 1A |
Danger |
H350 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)). |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
In a teratogenicity test with pregnant mice by the oral route (drinking water), reproductive and developmental effects (increases in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic loss, a decrease in litter size, subdermal hemorrhages, delayed ossification, kinky tails, a decrease in crown-rump lengths and decreased fetal body weight, etc.) were observed at doses where no maternal toxicity was observed (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR No. 53 (2005)). In addition, in reproduction/developmental toxicity tests with mice or rats which were mated after oral administration, reproductive and developmental effects (a decrease in the number of corpora lutea, increases in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic loss, a decrease in litter size, subdermal hemorrhages, delayed ossification, kinky tails, a decrease in crown-rump lengths and decreased fetal body weight, etc.) were seen at doses where slight effects (decreased body weight gain) were observed in the maternal animals (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014), CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B. Other than these, chromium and chromium compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (equivalent to Category 2) in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014). However, the classification in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was not adopted since it is in a provisional period. In addition, it was classified in "Repr. 1B H360FD" in EU CLP classification, and in "Repr. Cat. 2; R60-61" in the EU DSD classification. |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, haemal system, liver, kidney) |
Danger |
H370 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
This substance is irritating to the respiratory tract (EU-RAR (2005), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). In humans, by the inhalation exposure, inflammation of the respiratory tract, pain in the nose and chest, cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis were reported for other hexavalent chromium compounds (EU-RAR (2005)). As for the oral route, there are many case reports such as accidental ingestion of this substance and suicide cases. Burning sensation in the gastrointestinal tract such as the mouth, throat, stomach and duodenum, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ulceration and bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract due to corrosivity of this substance, convulsions, stupor, dilated pupils, and an enlarged brain and cerebral edema at necropsy as effects on the central nervous system, pulmonary congestion and respiratory insufficiency as effects on the respiratory organs, hypotension and decreased heart rate as effects on the cardiovascular system, inhibition of blood coagulation, increased leukocyte counts and intravascular hemolysis as effects on the hemal system, liver hypertrophy, hepatocyte necrosis and acute hepatitis as effects on the liver, and proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, anuria, symptoms of acute renal failure with excess water, renal hypertrophy and edema, and renal tubular necrosis as effects on the kidney were reported (EU-RAR (2005), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), DFGOT vol. 3 (1992), EHC 61 (1988)). In addition, also through the dermal route, failures of the liver and kidney were reported (EU-RAR (2005)). As for experimental animals, dyspnea at 0.029-0.045 mg/L and respiratory tract inflammation, pulmonary edema, necrosis of the trachea epithelium at 0.099 mg/L by an inhalation exposure of rats to this substance, gastrointestinal mucosa corrosion and pulmonary congestion by oral administration of 48 mg/kg to rats, and hypoactivity, lacrimation, mydriasis and diarrhea by other hexavalent chromium compounds in rats were reported (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). Symptoms in experimental animals were observed at doses within the range of Category 1. The findings on the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted due to it being an effect of local irritation. From the above, since this substance affects the central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, and kidney, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs) |
Danger |
H372 |
P260
P264 P270 P314 P501 |
There are descriptions that the main toxic effects developing in humans repeatedly exposed by inhalation to hexavalent water-soluble chromium via dust or an aqueous solution of sodium salts or potassium salts of chromic acid or dichromic acid including this substance were effects on the respiratory organs such as ulceration and perforations of the nasal septum, inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, lung fibrosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (EU-RAR (2005), CICAD 78 (2013)). On the other hand, as for experimental animals, although it is reported that in studies in which this substance was administered by feeding to rats or mice for 9 weeks, no clear toxic effect was observed at up to 400 ppm, the highest concentration in the feed (EU-RAR (2005)). This is the result at up to the doses within the guidance value range for Category 2 (converted guidance value: equivalent to 16.6-19.4 mg/kg/day (rats), equivalent to 63.7-94.8 mg/kg/day (mice)), and the presence or absence of toxic effects at the upper limit of Category 2 is unknown. Other than these, although there is no report of results of a repeated exposure study with this substance, there are reports that in studies in which sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered by drinking water to rats or mice for 90 days, as for rats, microcytic hypochromic anaemia was observed at dose (1.7 mg Cr/kg/day: 8.57 mg equivalent to this substance/kg/day) corresponding to Category 1, as for mice, at doses (3.1-5.2 mg Cr/kg/day: 15.6-26.2 mg equivalent to this substance/kg/day) corresponding to Category 2, effects on the hemal system such as decreases in hemoglobin concentration and MCV values were observed, andin another 90-day drinking water administration study with rats, testicular toxicity (decreased weight, a decrease in or degeneration of the germ cells and degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules) were observed (CICAD 78 (2013)). However, because as in the effects by repeated exposure to hexavalent chromium in humans, the presence or absence of effects on the hemal system and testes was not confirmed (ATSDR (2012), CICAD (2013)), it was concluded that there was insufficient evidence to adopt these as target organs. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) based on the human findings. Besides, in the previous classification, although EHC was used as an information source and the liver was adopted as the target organ, as a result of comparing the evidence data with ATSDR (2012), it was considered as cases of acute liver damage in poisoning accidents by ingestion of large amounts of this substance with aspiration or suicide intents. In addition, from the latest evaluation reports (ATSDR (2012), CICAD (2013)), the target organs in repeated exposure to hexavalent chromium in humans appeared not yet conclusive except for the respiratory organs and skin (corrosive and sensitization). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H400 |
P273
P391 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour EC50 = 0.061 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005). |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H410 |
P273
P391 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 due to unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound, and 96-hour NOEC (biomass) = 0.1 mg/L for algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) (EU-RAR, 2005). |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
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