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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7758-97-6
Chemical Name	Lead chromate (VI)
Substance ID	H26-B-139, R-085
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2012)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2012)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2012)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	Because data of water solubility: 0.06 mg/L (25 deg C) (GESTIS (Access on December 2014)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water.
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen). Because it is a chromate, it is estimated to be oxidizing, but the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a report of an LD50 value for mice of > 12 g/kg (HSDB (Access on December 2014)), it was classified as "Not classified." Since a new information source (HSDB (Access on December 2014)) was added, the category was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there are no specific test reports, there are many reports describing that hexavalent chromium compounds were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFG vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there are no specific test reports, there are many reports describing that hexavalent chromium compounds were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFG vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds were skin sensitizers, although this is not information limited to only this substance (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Moreover, there are reports that sensitization was observed in patch tests in humans using hexavalent chromium compounds (ATSDR (2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2	Warning	H341	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for in vivo, it was positive in a micronucleus test with mice (IARC 49 (1990)). As for in vitro, it was positive in bacterial reverse mutation tests, a chromosome aberration test and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured human lymphocytes and/or cultured mammalian cells (NICNAS (2007), CICAD 78 (2013), IARC 49 (1990)). Due to the above findings, and since this substance belongs to Cr (VI) which is poorly soluble in water, it was classified in Category 2.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), in K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1A	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	There are no data on this substance. However, by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), in (OEL Documentations (2014)), lead and lead compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 1 (equivalent to Category 1A) and chromium and chromium compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (equivalent to Category 2). In addition, it was classified in "Repr. 1A H360Df " in the EU CLP classification and in "Repr. Cat. 1; R61, Repr. Cat. 3; R62" in the EU DSD classification. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1A.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, haemal system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	There are no findings in humans or experimental animals on this substance. Besides, there is a description that in humans, insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds were irritating to the respiratory tract (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) and hexavalent chromium compounds (no specific description) caused serious effects on the respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, blood, liver, kidney and nervous system at high concentrations by oral intake (CICAD 78 (2013)). In addition, lead and inorganic lead compounds were known to cause various systemic effects including to the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system (NICNAS (2007)). Lead chromate can cause toxicity of both lead and chromium moieties. There is a description that although there are a few data on humans who ingested something containing lead and lead-based paint, acute exposure at high concentrations resulted in encephalopathy, gastrointestinal tract damage and renal effects (NICNAS (2007)). Although there are no data on this substance, this substance is a hexavalent chromium compound and it was considered possible to use the toxicity findings of hexavalent chromium compounds for classification of this substance. The findings of the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted because of the effects of local irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney). Information on the previous classification "apocleisis, vomiting, feelings of discomfort, convulsions and irreversible brain damage in humans" (HSDB (2002)) could not be confirmed.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	In epidemiological studies among workers occupationally exposed (co-exposure with zinc chromate in multiple plants) to this substance at chrome pigments manufacturing plants, which were conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and the Netherlands (there are three reports), although it is described in some other reports that the incidence of lung cancer increased, nonneoplastic effects of by chronic exposures were not described in any of the 3 reports (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Other than these, there were no reports of obvious effects by repeated exposure to this substance in either humans or experimental animals. However, as described above, there are findings that suggested the incidence of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to this substance, and at least, the lung was considered a target organ, and in the hazard assessment of a series of hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance, there is a description that in humans occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium, irritation to the respiratory organs and eyes developed. This may result in ulceration and perforations in the nasal septum (CICAD 78 (2013)) (CICAD 78 (2013)). Therefore, this substance was also classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) like the other hexavalent chromium compounds.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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