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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	1333-82-0
Chemical Name	Chromic anhydride
Substance ID	H26-B-138, R-084
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is classified in Division 5.1 Subsidiary Risk 6.1, 8 PG II (UN1463) in UNRTDG and is classified as oxidizing solids.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	Because data of water solubility: 1,654 g/L (20 deg C) (GESTIS (Access on December 2014)) were obtained, it is estimated that the observation results do not indicate emitting flammable gases.
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Category 2	Danger	H272	P370+P378 P210 P220 P221 P280 P501	Because it is classified in Division 5.1 Subsidiary Risk 6.1, 8 PG II (UN1463) in UNRTDG, it was classified in Category 2. Besides, it is described that the test result was PG I, but PG II is currently assigned (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria (2009)).
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P361+P364 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	Based on a report of LD50 values of 52-113 mg/kg for rats (EU-RAR (2005)), it was classified in Category 3. Since a new information source (EU-RAR (2005)) was added, the category was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 2	Danger	H310	P302+P352 P262 P264 P270 P280 P310 P321 P361 P364 P405 P501	Based on a report of an LD50 value of 30 mg Cr (VI)/kg for rabbits (converted value to CrO3: 57.7 mg/kg) (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)), it was classified in Category 2. Since new information sources (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)) were added, the category was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Category 2	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	Based on a report of an LC50 value (4 hours) of 217 mg/m3 (0.217 mg/L) for rats (EU-RAR (2005)), it was classified in Category 2. Although there are no data on saturated vapor pressure, the reference value as the dust was adopted according to the description of the aerosol. Since a new information source (EU-RAR (2005)) was added, the category was revised.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	There is a description that this substance showed corrosive effects (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). In addition, there are many descriptions that hexavalent chromium compounds are corrosive (DFG vol. 3 (1992)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "C; R35" in EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Corr. 1A H314" in EU CLP classification.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	There is a report that in an accidental case in humans, as a result of exposure of the eyes to this substance, conjunctival congestion, necrosis, corneal edema and opacity were observed (EU-RAR (2005)). In addition, this substance was classified in Category 1 in the classification for skin corrosion/irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds as occupational sensitizers in the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, it is described in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds cause asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R42" in EU DSD classification and in "Resp. Sens. 1 H334" in EU CLP classification.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Although it is not information limited to this substance, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds showed skin sensitization (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012)). In addition, there are reports that sensitization was observed in patch tests with subjects using hexavalent chromium compounds (ATSDR (2012)). Moreover, chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2014)). Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R43" in EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Sens. 1 H317" in EU CLP classification.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for in vivo, it was positive in a mouse bone marrow chromosomal aberration test (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)), and positive in a chromosome analysis with human peripheral lymphocytes (monitoring analysis) and sister chromatid exchange analyses (monitoring analysis) with human peripheral lymphocytes (ATSDR (2012), EHC 61 (1988), IARC 49 (1990)). As for in vitro, it was positive in bacterial reverse mutation tests, a chromosome aberration test and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured human lymphocytes and cultured mammalian cells (ATSDR (2012), IARC 49 (1990)). Although there are no data on in vivo germ cell mutagenicity and in vivo germ cell genotoxicity of this substance, water-soluble Cr (VI) was evaluated to show in vivo germ cell mutagenicity (EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, the evaluation by EU-RAR (2005) was applied to this substance, which is water-soluble Cr (VI), and it was classified in Category 1B. In the previous classification, it was classified in Category 2. However, the category was changed due to the reason described above.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), and in 1 by the EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)), it was classified in Category 1A.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for this substance, cleft palate was observed in a teratogenicity test with hamsters administered intravenously (EHC 61 (1988), IARC 49 (1990)). Since it was data by intravenous administration, it was not adopted. As for the reproductive toxicity of chromium (VI), potassium dichromate (CAS RN 7778-50-9) and potassium chromate (CAS RN 7789-00-6), which are water-soluble like this substance, were classified in Category 1B. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1B. Other than these, chromium and chromium compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (equivalent to Category 2) by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2014)). However, the classification in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was not adopted since it is in the interim period. In addition, it was classified in "Repr. 2 H361f" in EU CLP classification and in "Repr. Cat. 3; R62" in EU DSD classification.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, haemal system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	This substance was irritating to the respiratory tract (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). As for the inhalation route in humans, it was reported that severe hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, headache, nausea, vomiting, cough, wheezing, dizziness, labored breathing, respiratory depression, dyspnea, and abdominal pain were observed by exposure to the fume (high concentration) of this substance in chrome plating work, and inflammation of the respiratory tract, nose and chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, acute gastritis, anemia with severe hemorrhage, acute renal failure characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, and anuria, and liver damage characterized by jaundice, increased bilirubin level, and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase were observed by inhalation of the mist of this substance. In the case of accidental ingestion in humans, corrosive disorders were reported, including pain in the mouth, throat and stomach, burning sensation, bleeding, vomiting, and diarrhea (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). As for experimental animals, data on this substance were limited to a report of severe damages to the respiratory tract tissue in an inhalation exposure (0.217 mg/L, 4 hours) to rats (EU-RAR (2005), SIAP (2005)). These data were observed at doses within the dose range corresponding to Category 1. In addition, there are descriptions common to hexavalent chromium compound, of effects on the hemal system by oral administration, of kidney damage by dermal exposure and although the route is unknown, of necrosis of hepatocytes and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and of damages to the liver and kidney (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005), SIAP (2005)). Besides, although it is not data on this substance, as effects which are common to hexavalent chromium compounds, there are descriptions of severe effects on the respiratory system such as lung irritation, accumulation of macrophages of the lungs, hyperplasia, inflammation, and impaired lung function through the inhalation route in experimental animals, and severe gastrointestinal disorder such as gastrointestinal ulceration and necrosis through the oral route in humans, and severe respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal and neurological effects in case of large amount intake in humans (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). This substance is a hexavalent chromium compound and it is considered possible to use the toxicity findings of hexavalent chromium compounds for classification of this substance. The gastrointestinal tract findings were not adopted due to local irritation effects. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney). The category was changed from the previous classification.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There is a report that in an epidemiological survey of 43 painters exposed to this substance for 0.2-23.6 years (median: 2.5 years), smearing and hardening of the nasal septal mucosa, and atrophied nasal mucosa were the only observations in the low-concentration exposure group of 0.002 mg Cr (VI)/m3 or less, but in the high-concentration exposure group of 0.02-0.046 mg Cr (VI)/m3, nasal mucosal ulceration and septal perforation were observed (ATSDR (2013), EU-RAR (2005)). In addition, it is stated that damages to the nasal mucosa were caused by repeated exposure at concentrations of not less than 0.1 mg/m3 of this substance, and moreover in high concentration exposure to not less than 2-3 mg Cr/m3, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis of the lips and congestion of the lung developed (DFGOT vol. 3 (1992)). Besides, in the hazard assessment of a series of hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance, there is a description that in humans occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium, irritation to the respiratory organs and eyes developed, which often resulted in ulceration and perforations in the nasal septum (CICAD 78 (2013)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that by inhalation exposure of rats to a chromate mist for 8 months, corrosive effects on the respiratory organs were observed at or above 3.5 mg/m3 (EU-RAR (2005)), or there is a report that pulmonary emphysema and perforation of the nasal septum occurred by intermittent exposure of mice to chromic anhydride at a concentration of about 3.9 mg/m3 for 12 months (CICAD 78 (2013)). Those findings supporting respiratory disorders in humans were obtained. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour LC50 = 145 microg/L for crustacea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) (AQUIRE, 2015).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified in Category 1 due to unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound, and 48-hour LC50 = 145 microg/L for crustacea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) (AQUIRE, 2015).
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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