Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 109-66-0 |
Chemical Name | n-Pentane |
Substance ID | H26-B-096, R-042 |
Classification year (FY) | FY2014 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Category 2 |
Danger |
H225 |
P303+P361+P353
P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501 |
It was classified in Category 2 based on a flash point of -49 deg C (closed cup) and a boiling point of 36 deg C (ICSC (1999)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG II (UN1265) in UNRTDG. |
7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 309 deg C (ICSC (1999)). |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to gas substances are not available at 55 deg C of a test temperature. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on reports of an LD50 value of >2,000 mg/kg for rats (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on a report of an LD50 value of 3,000 mg/kg for rabbits (SIDS (2010)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." By adding a new information source (SIDS (2010)), the category was revised. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Although there is a report of an LC50 value (4 hours) of >6,106 ppm for rats (SIDS (2010)), the category could not be specified from this datum. Based on a report of an LC50 value (2 hours) of 98,662 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 69,765 ppm) for mice (EU-RAR (2003)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." Besides, because the LC50 values were lower than 90% of the saturated vapor concentration (526,160 ppm), a reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on a primary irritation index of 0.67 in a skin irritation test with rabbits (OECD TG 404, GLP-compliant), it was judged not to be irritating (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). In addition, it is described that this substance is not irritating as a result of 24-hour semi-occlusive application to humans (GLP-compliant) (EU-RAR (2003)). On the other hand, it is described that by skin contact with this substance, degreasing and irritation occurred (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1987)), and that after skin application to volunteers, there was irritation such as pain, burning sensations and blisters, but no information on the test conditions and the degree of irritation were provided. Based on the above, the test result from the study according to the test guideline was adopted, and it was classified as "Not classified." |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2B |
Warning |
H320 |
P305+P351+P338
P337+P313 P264 |
In an eye irritation test with rabbits (equivalent to the OECD TG 405, GLP-compliant), since transient conjunctivitis was observed, and the irritation score was 3/110, it was judged to be slightly irritating (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). Based on these, this substance was classified in Category 2B. |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Not classified |
- |
- | - | This substance was judged not to be sensitizing because no skin reaction induced by sensitization was observed (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). From the above result, this substance was classified as "Not classified." |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in mice dominant lethal tests and a micronucleus test with rat bone marrow cells (SIDS (2010), ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests and chromosomal aberration tests with cultured mammalian cells (SIDS (2010), ACGIH (2014), EU-RAR (2003), NTP DB (Access on October 2014)). |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
In a teratogenicity test with rats through the inhalation route, maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity were not observed. There is a report that in a teratogenicity test with rats by the oral route (gavage), neither maternal toxicity nor fetotoxicity was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). No effect on fetuses was observed as described above. Although this substance was classified as "Not classified" in the previous classification on the basis that no effects on fetuses were seen in a teratogenicity test, and also no effects on genetic organs were observed in a repeated dose toxicity test, sufficient information of fertility was not available, therefore, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible." |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects) |
Warning |
H335
H336 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501 |
This substance showed respiratory tract irritation and narcotic effects (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1987), ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001)). There is a report of dizziness, headache, narcosis and central nervous system depression in humans (ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001), HSDB (Access on September 2014)). In experimental animals, by inhalation exposure of mice, narcotic effects, incoordination and inhibition of righting reflex were observed (EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001)) and were thought to be due to the narcotic effects of this substance. From the above, this substance was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
There is a description that 3 out of 5 employees in a belt manufacturing shop who were exposed (exposure concentration and duration are unknown) to a solvent mixture (80% pentane, 14% heptane and 5% n-hexane) complained of central and peripheral nerve symptoms such as anorexia, asthenia, fatigue and bilateral muscle dysfunction (mainly in the legs), electromyographic and nerve conduction tests suggested damage to the peripheral nerves (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)), and these adverse effects on the nervous system were thought to be due to the n-hexane in the mixture (ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003)). In experimental animals, no toxic effect was observed even after administration at up to 20,000 mg/m3 (20 mg/L/6 hours) in a 13-week inhalation test with rats (EU-RAR (2003), SIDS (2010), ACGIH (7th, 2014)). In a 30-week inhalation test with rats exposed to this substance at 8,970 mg/m3 (9 mg/L/6 hours), no signs of neurotoxicity were observed when the presence of neurotoxicity was checked by the measure of hindlimb spread on landing and a histological examination of the nerve tissue (EU-RAR (2003), ACGIH (7th, 2014)). From the above, although it was considered to be "Not classified" through the inhalation route based on findings in the experimental animals, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data because toxicological information on humans was poor, and no information through other routes was available. Besides, it was classified as "Not classified" in the previous classification based on only data in animal tests through the inhalation route. |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Category 1 |
Danger |
H304 |
P301+P310
P331 P405 P501 |
Because this substance is a hydrocarbon with a kinematic viscosity of 0.355 mm2/sec (25/20 deg C, calculated by CERI), this substance was classified in Category 1. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 2 |
- |
H401 |
P273
P501 |
It was classified in Category 2 from 48-hour EC50 = 2.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010). |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - |
If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a degradation rate by BOD: 96% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1997)), and 72-hour NOEC(r) = 2 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a degradation rate by BOD: 96% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1997)), and a low bioaccumulation estimate (log Kow = 3.39 (EU-RAR, 2003)) despite 48-hour EC50 = 2.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified." |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
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