GHS Classification Result

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 10361-37-2
Chemical Name Barium chloride
Substance ID H26-B-078, R-032
Classification year (FY) FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year FY2006  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive properties.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
7 Flammable solids Not classified
-
-
- - It is not combustible (ICSC (1999)).
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified
-
-
- - It is not combustible (ICSC (1999)).
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified
-
-
- - It is not combustible (ICSC (1999)).
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified
-
-
- - Because data of water solubility: 375 g/L (20 deg C) (GESTIS (Access on September 2014)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously in contact with water.
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition).
14 Oxidizing solids Classification not possible
-
-
- - It is an inorganic compound containing halogen (but not oxygen), but the classification is not possible due to no data.
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- - It is an inorganic compound.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- - Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 3


Danger
H301 P301+P310
P361+P364
P264
P270
P321
P330
P405
P501
There are six reports of LD50 values for rats of 118 mg/kg (CICAD 33 (2001), EHC 107 (1990)), 132 mg/kg (adult), 220 mg/kg (immediately after weaning), 269 mg/kg (ATSDR (2007)), 419 mg/kg (male), and 408 mg/kg (female) (SIDS (2013)). Since four cases correspond to Category 3 and 2 cases to Category 4, it was classified in Category 3 to which the larger number of values corresponds according to the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Not classified
-
-
- - Based on an LD50 value for rats of > 2,000 mg/kg (male and female) (SIDS (2013)), it was classified as "Not classified." A new information source (SIDS (2013)) was added and the category was revised.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Not applicable
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2


Warning
H315 P302+P352
P332+P313
P362+P364
P264
P280
P321
Since it is reported that moderate irritation was observed in a skin irritation test (application time unknown) with guinea pigs (IUCLID (2000)) and that irritation was observed in a skin irritation test with mice and rats (IUCLID (2000)), it was classified in Category 2.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2


Warning
H319 P305+P351+P338
P337+P313
P264
P280
There is a report that irritation was observed in an eye irritation test with rabbits (details such as degree of the irritation unknown) (IUCLID (2000)). In addition, there is a description that this substance was irritating to the eyes (HSDB (Access on August 2014)). From the above results, it was classified in Category 2. The category was changed from the information in the previous classification and the description in HSDB (Access on August 2014).
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. There are no in vivo data. As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests, a chromosome aberration test and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured mammalian cells, and it was positive in a mouse lymphoma test (SIDS (2013), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2007), CICAD 33 (2001), HSDB (Access on August 2014)).
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - It was classified as "Classification not possible" since barium and its soluble compounds were classified in A4 by ACGIH (7th, 2001).
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
There is a report that no effects on fertility were observed in reproductive toxicity studies with mice and rats by the oral route (drinking water) of barium chloride dihydrate (SIDS (2013), ATSDR (2007), CICAD 33 (2001)). However, it is stated in CICAD 33 (2001) that the results should be interpreted cautiously because of below-normal pregnancy rates in all the exposed and control groups of both rats and mice. In addition, since sufficient information on teratogenicity is not obtained, it was classified as "Classification not possible."
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)



Danger
Warning
H370
H335
P308+P311
P260
P264
P270
P321
P405
P501
P304+P340
P403+P233
P261
P271
P312
This substance is irritating to the respiratory tract (HSDB (Access on August 2014)). In humans there are multiple case reports, in which nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorder, elevated blood pressure, serious stimulation of cardiac muscle and other muscles, and in serious cases muscle paralysis, loss of tendon reflexes, ventricular fibrillation, respiratory arrest, and death were observed in the intentional or accidental oral ingestion. Potassium will be forcibly transported into the cells and cause neuromuscular blockade, muscle weakness, etc. due to a decrease in serum potassium (hypokalemia) affected by this substance. High doses caused significant effects on the beating and rhythm of the heart, and ventricular tachycardia, impaired cardiac automaticity, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest occurred (ATSDR (2007), ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 33 (2001), EHC 107 (1990), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). In humans, there is a report that renal failure and kidney damage developed as acute barium poisoning (ATSDR (2007)). In experimental animals, elevated blood pressure and arrhythmia in intravenous administration to dogs and guinea pigs, and flaccidity and paralysis of the skeletal muscles, hypokalemia in intravenous administration to dogs, and salivation, diarrhea, tachycardia, twitching, hypokalemia, respiratory muscle paralysis and ventricular fibrillation, etc. in the oral administration (concentration not described) were described (CICAD 33 (2001), EHC 107 (1990)). From the above, in addition to respiratory tract irritation, the nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system and kidney were considered as target organs, and it was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney)


Danger
H372 P260
P264
P270
P314
P501
There is a report that incidences of hypertension, heart disease and heart attacks increased in populations in residential areas in which drinking-water containing water soluble barium such as barium chloride was ingested, and there is a report that an increased mortality rate due to heart disease such as cardiovascular disease and arteriosclerosis was observed in other similar populations (ATSDR (2007)), and findings suggesting cardiovascular disorders due to excessive barium intake were obtained. In addition, excessive intake of barium was reported to cause hypokalemia, resulting in neurological and muscular disorders (ATSDR (2007)). As initial symptoms, there were numbness and tingling around the mouth and neck, and these symptoms gradually extended to the extremities, showing muscle weakness, and in severe cases, symptoms led to partial or complete muscle paralysis with an absence of deep tendon reflexes (ATSDR (2007)). According to the description in ACGIH, it is reported that barium ions are potassium antagonists and barium will promote the movement of potassium from the outside of the cells to the inside, resulting to hypokalemia which will trigger the paralysis of cardiac muscle and respiratory muscles in addition to the general muscular system (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Moreover, in humans, there is a sole report of renal failure and kidney damage as acute barium poisoning. However, in experimental animals, it is described that in tests in which this substance or the dihydrate was administered by drinking water to rats or mice for 13 weeks or 2 years, fatal cases due to nephropathy were observed in both tests at doses exceeding the value range for Category 2 (converted guidance value as barium chloride: equivalent to 271-803 mg/kg/day) and the kidney is the most sensitive organ in animal studies (ATSDR (2007)). Therefore, also in humans, the kidney is considered one of the target organs. From the above, the effects due to excessive damage from barium including this substance in humans are considered to extend to the whole body, and particularly, they are considered to occur clearly in the cardiac vascular system, nervous system, muscular system and kidney. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney).
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 3
-
-
H402 P273
P501
It was classified in Category 3 from 48-hour EC50 = 14.5 mgBa/L (a converted concentration equivalent to barium chloride: 22 mg/L) for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2008).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Category 3
-
-
H412 P273
P501
Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Because it is unknown whether it is rapidly degradable, and due to 48-hour EC50 = 14.5 mgBa/L (a converted concentration equivalent to barium chloride: 22 mg/L) for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2008), it was classified in Category 3.
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- - This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.


NOTE:
  • GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
  • Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
  • This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
  • Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
  • A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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