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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	1308-38-9
Chemical Name	Chromium (III) oxide
Substance ID	H26-B-036, R-015
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	Not combustible (ICSC (2004)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	Not combustible (ICSC (2004)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	Not combustible (ICSC (2004)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	From information that it is insoluble in water (ICSC (2004)), it is confirmed that it does not react vigorously with water.
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen), but the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on reports of LD50 values for rats of > 5,000 mg/kg and > 15,000 mg/kg (CICAD 76 (2009)), it was classified as "Not classified." Since a new information source (CICAD 76 (2009)) was added, the classification was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	There are 2 reports (1 report: OECD TG 404, GLP-compliant) on skin irritation tests with rabbits, no irritation was observed in both tests (CICAD 76 (2009)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified." The category was changed by adding data.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a report that no eye irritation was observed in an eye irritation test with rabbits (OECD TG 405, GLP-compliant) (CICAD 76 (2009)). In addition, there is a report that no eye irritation was also observed in another eye irritation test with rabbits (CICAD 76 (2009)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified." The category was changed by adding the new data.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds including this substance in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2 (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). On the other hand, it is described that there is at present no unequivocal evidence to show that exposure to trivalent chromium compounds has induced occupational asthma (CICAD 76 (2009)). According to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government, it is described that Group 1 and Group 2 in the Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) are treated as equivalent to 1A. However, since this substance itself is not specified in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989), subcategorization was not performed in this classification and it was classified in Category 1.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compound including this substance in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). In addition, there is a report that after application of trivalent chromium to guinea pigs, sensitization was observed (EHC 61 (1988)). Moreover, there is a description that although trivalent chromium may act as an ultimate haptenic determinant, the poor skin penetration limits the sensitizing ability of trivalent chromium salts (CICAD 76 (2009)). According to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government, it is described that Group 1 and Group 2 in the Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) are treated as equivalent to 1A. However, since this substance itself is not specified in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989), subcategorization was not performed in this classification and it was classified in Category 1.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a mouse bone marrow micronucleus test with chromium oxide green containing 98.9% chromium (III) oxide (CICAD 76 (2009)). As for in vitro, it was positive or negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests (IARC vol. 23 (1980)), positive in a chromosome aberration test, a gene mutation test and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured mammalian cells, and positive in a chromosomal aberration test with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (CICAD 76 (2009), IARC vol. 23 (1980), IARC 49 (1990)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Since it was classified in Group 3 (as Chromium (III)) by IARC (1990), in A4 (as Metal and Cr III compounds) by ACGIH (2008) and in D (Chromium (III), as insoluble salts) by EPA (1998), it was classified as "Classification not possible."
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is a report that in a reproductive toxicity test with rats by the oral route (feeding), neither effects on fertility index, gestation period and litter size, etc., nor occurrence of malformations were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8 (Ministry of the Environment, 2010), CICAD 76 (2009)). However, since the number of parental animals was small (9 animals/sex/group) and there was no sufficient information on teratogenicity, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	As for humans, it is reported that in a population of workers engaged in the production of chromium oxide at a German factory, a slight increase in the incidence of acute respiratory organ disease was observed, but they were not chronic symptoms and no abnormal findings of the respiratory system were observed in the lung function, chest X-ray test, hematological test, etc., even in a population of workers employed for more than 10 years (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8 (Ministry of the Environment, 2010)). However, in experimental animals, there is a test report that in a study in which rats were exposed by inhalation to the dust of this substance (MMAD: 1.8-1.9 micrometer) for 13 weeks, proliferation of the lymphoid tissues in the mediastinal lymph nodes, inflammatory changes in the alveolar septa and interstitial pneumonia and hyperplasia of the alveolar septa with aggregation of macrophages filled with black pigment into the alveolar septa were observed within the concentration range of Category 1 (4.4-14 mg/m3: 0.0044-0.014 mg/L/6 hours) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8 (Ministry of the Environment, 2010), CICAD 76 (2009)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). Besides, since assessment reports such as Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8 (Ministry of the Environment, 2010) and CICAD 76 (2009) including inhalation exposure test with chromium oxide dust were published after the previous classification, the classification result was changed.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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