GHS Classification Result

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 109-94-4
Chemical Name Ethyl formate
Substance ID H26-B-030, -
Classification year (FY) FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year FY2006  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Category 2


Danger
H225 P303+P361+P353
P370+P378
P403+P235
P210
P233
P240
P241
P242
P243
P280
P501
It was classified in Category 2 based on a flash point of -20 deg C (closed cup) and a boiling point of 52-54 deg C (ICSC (2010)).
Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG II (UN1190) in UNRTDG.
7 Flammable solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified
-
-
- - It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 440 deg C (ICSC (2010)).
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible
-
-
- - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable
-
-
- - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- - Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 4


Warning
H302 P301+P312
P362+P364
P264
P270
P330
P501
There were reports of 3 LD50 values of 1,800 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2012)), 1,850 mg/kg (DFGOT vol.19 (2003)), and 4,290 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2012)) for rats. Since 2 values corresponded to Category 4, and one to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification), it was classified in Category 4 to which the larger number of data corresponded.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Not classified
-
-
- - Based on reports of LD50 values of 5,000 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2012)) and >20 mL/kg (>18,300 mg/kg) (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)) for rabbits, it was classified as "Not classified."
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Category 4


Warning
H332 P304+P340
P261
P271
P312
Although there was no report of an LC50 value, based on reports that no dead animals were observed by exposure of rats to this substance at 4,000 ppm (4 hours) (PATTY (6th, 2012)), and that 5/6 animals died by exposure of rats at 8,000 ppm (4 hours) (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was classified in Category 4. A new information source (PATTY (6th, 2012)) was added, and the category was revised.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Not classified
-
-
- - In tests with rabbits, there are reports that no irritation was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol.19 (2003)), and that slight irritation was observed (IUCLID (2000)). In addition, there is a report that no irritation was observed in a patch test in humans (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), IUCLID (2000)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in UN GHS classification).
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A


Warning
H319 P305+P351+P338
P337+P313
P264
P280
In humans, there are reports that slight irritation was observed by exposure to the vapour at 330 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2012)) and that progressive and moderate irritation was observed by exposure at 10,560 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). In addition, in tests with rabbits, there were reports of inflammation of the cornea (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)), and of moderate irritation (IUCLID (2000)). Based on the result of "moderate irritation" in rabbits, it was classified in Category 2A. Besides, although necrosis of the cornea in a test with rabbits was described in IUCLID (2000), it was not used for classification since there was no description indicative of any irreversible effect in the information sources in List 1 and details of their test method, etc. were unknown. This substance was classified in "Xi: R36" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Eye Irrit. 2" in the EU CLP classification.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that in a test (maximization test) with 23 volunteers, no sensitization was shown to petrolatum containing 4% of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2012), IUCLID (2000)). Since the volunteer test was by application at a concentration of 4%, and details of the test conditions and results were unknown, they were judged inadequate data for classification, and the category was changed.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. There were no in vivo data. As for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), NTP DB (Access on July 2014)).
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Since it was classified in A4 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2012)), it was classified as "Classification not possible."
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects)



Danger
Warning
H370
H336
P308+P311
P260
P264
P270
P321
P405
P501
P304+P340
P403+P233
P261
P271
P312
An exposure on humans caused irritation to the nose and upper respiratory tract, salivation, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. The substance caused narcotic effects and central nervous system depression effects, leading to death due to circulatory and respiratory failure in some cases. In addition, esophageal burns occurred by oral ingestion of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on June 2014)).
As for experimental animals, there are reports on salivation at 16 mg/L (5,000 ppm), deep narcotic effects, pulmonary edema and death at 32 mg/L (10,000 ppm) by inhalation exposure in cats and pulmonary edema and death at 10,000 ppm by inhalation exposure in dogs (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on June 2014)). In addition, central nervous system depression at lethal doses in rats, mice, and cats, and tremors, central nervous system depression and death by exposure to the vapour in guinea pigs were reported (PATTY (6th, 2012), IUCLID (2000)).
From the above, since effects on the respiratory organs and narcotic effects were observed in humans, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Classification not possible
-
-
- - This substance was considered no safety concern in normal uses as a food additive by JECFA (JECFA TRS868 (1997)), and this was supported by the statement that no toxic effects were observed even when rats were dosed by feeding for 17 weeks at a concentration of 10,000 ppm in the diet (equivalent to 1,000 mg/kg/day) (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). Therefore, it was equivalent to "Not classified" through the oral route. However, although this substance is volatile, and the inhalation route is considered the main exposure route, there was no toxicity information from repeated inhalation exposure. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) -
-
-
- - -
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) -
-
-
- - -
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer -
-
-
- - -


NOTE:
  • GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
  • Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
  • This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
  • Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
  • A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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