GHS Classification Result

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 1336-21-6
Chemical Name Ammonia aqueous
Substance ID H26-B-010, R-003
Classification year (FY) FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year FY2006  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- - CAS RN (1336-21-6) is given to ammonium hydroxide (ammonia 1: water 1) which corresponds to 48.6% ammonia water. It falls into Dissolved Gas in GHS definition. For Physical Hazards among all, classification was conducted for ammonia water which is commonly distributed. Because products of about 25% is generally sold, they are a liquid (GHS definition)
There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
Besides, one with more than 10 wt% but not more than 35 wt% ammonia is classified in Class 8, PG III (UN2672), one with more than 35 wt% but not more than 50 wt% ammonia is classified in Division 2.2 (UN2073), and one with more than 50 wt% ammonia is classified in Division 2.3, Subsidiary Risk 8 (UN3318) in UNRTDG.
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not classified
-
-
- - Not combustible (10-35% solution) (ICSC (1995))
7 Flammable solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified
-
-
- - Not combustible (10-35% solution) (ICSC (1995))
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified
-
-
- - Not combustible (10-35% solution) (ICSC (1995))
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable
-
-
- - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- - Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16 Corrosive to metals Category 1


Warning
H290 P234
P390
P406
A 10-35% solution is classified in Class 8, PG III (UN2672) in UNRTDG and attacks many metals (10-35% solution) (ICSC (1995)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 4


Warning
H302 P301+P312
P362+P364
P264
P270
P330
P501
This CAS RN (1336-21-6) means ammonium hydroxide (ammonia 1: water 1), which amounts to a 48.6% ammonia water. Classifications for health hazards were conducted regarding generally distributed ammonia water (a liquid under the GHS definition).
Based on an LD50 value of 350 mg/kg for rats (SIDS, 2008), this substance was classified in Category 4.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1


Danger
H314 P301+P330+P331
P303+P361+P353
P305+P351+P338
P304+P340
P260
P264
P280
P310
P321
P363
P405
P501
There is a report that in a skin irritation test with rabbits, after application of a 20% aqueous solution of this substance, it was corrosive (SIDS, 2008) and there is a description that it was corrosive to the eyes and skin because of strong alkaline properties (SIDS, 2008). This substance was classified in Category 1 because no data to classify for the sub-category were available. Besides this substance was classified in "C; R34" in EU DSD classification and in "H314 Skin Corr. 1B" in EU CLP classification, respectively.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1


Danger
H318 P305+P351+P338
P280
P310
There are reports that irritation was observed in a test in which 1 mg of this substance was applied to rabbit eyes (SIDS, 2008), and that in a test in which a 28.5% aqueous solution was applied to rabbit eyes, irreversible corneal injuries such as corneal nebula and opacification and vascularization were observed (HSDB (Access on June 2014)). There are also descriptions that this substance was corrosive to the skin and eyes due to it being a strong alkali (SIDS, 2008) and caused severe irritation of the mucosa (HSDB (Access on June 2014)). Based on the above, this substance was classified in Category 1.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, it is reported that in an open epicutaneous test with guinea pigs, after application of a 20% ammonia aqueous solution, it was negative (IUCLID, 2000), but the test method was not the one recommended in the classification guidance, therefore, it was judged that the data were not sufficient to use for classification.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. No in vivo data were available and available in vitro data were bacterial reverse mutation tests only with negative results (SIDS, 2008). Besides, as for in vivo, a positive result in a micronucleus test by intraperitoneal administration with mice was reported (ATSDR, 2004). However, details were unknown and not adopted for classification.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - No classification for carcinogenicity by any international organization was available. Besides, as for individual information, although it is reported that it was not carcinogenic in a carcinogenicity test with rats administered by drinking water, this information was not sufficient (SIDS, 2008). From the above, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs)


Danger
H370 P308+P311
P260
P264
P270
P321
P405
P501
In humans, this substance was irritating to the respiratory tract and caused severe irritation and pain in the respiratory tract mucosa. Besides, it was severely corrosive to the mouth, throat and stomach by the oral route (HSDB (Access on June 2014)). Although the neurological effects following inhalation or dermal exposure were known and usually limited to blurred vision due to direct contact, more severe exposures, which resulted in elevation of blood ammonia levels, resulted in seizure, coma, diffuse nonspecific encephalopathy, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes and loss of consciousness leading to death (ATSDR, 2004). In an epidemiological death case after ingestion of this substance, autopsy showed hemorrhagic esophagus, stomach and duodenum. In a case of ingestion of household ammonia (ammonium hydroxide), there is a report on lesions and edema in the esophagus and acute respiratory disorder (ATSDR, 2004). In a case of a worker who was exposed to a high concentration (10,000 ppm) of this substance which overflowed from a tank, he immediately developed coughing, vomiting, difficulty in breathing and labored breathing and he died 6 hours after the exposure. On autopsy, there is a report of marked inflammation of the respiratory tract and severe denudation of the tracheal epithelium (HSDB (Access on June 2014)).
Although only limited data were available in experimental animals, by oral administration to rats, sedation, staggering, abnormal posture, convulsions, tremors, ataxia, prostration, ptosis, exophthalmus, salivation, labored and irregular breathing and diarrhea were reported (no detailed information available). Although there is no description of the minimum dose affected, provided that these effects, observed at around 350 mg/kg, which is the LD50 value, it corresponds to Category 2 (SIDS, 2008).
Based on the above, this substance was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Classification not possible
-
-
- - In humans, no report was available regarding chronic exposure. In experimental animals, in a test in which rats and guinea pigs were continuously exposed by inhalation for 90 days, at a concentration of 455 mg/m3, dyspnea and nasal irritation were observed, and there were dead animals (SIDS, 2008). Although these findings suggest that the respiratory organs were the target organs, information on testing conditions such as exposure time was unknown, therefore, the data could not be adopted for classification. Since there was no other information on chronic exposure to aqueous ammonia, classification was not possible due to lack of data. Besides, the previous classification was made based on the data listed in List 3 or on those not listed in the current classification guidance.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- - Although there is a description that by oral ingestion of this substance, edema and burning in the upper respiratory tract occurred (HSDB (Access on June 2014)), there were no findings indicative of aspiration hazards, therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 2
-
-
H401 P273
P501
It was classified in Category 2 due to 96-hour LC50 = 2.81-98.9 mg total NH3/L for crustacea (Mysidopsis bahia) (SIDS, 2007).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Not classified
-
-
- - If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (readily converted to nitrate in an aqueous environment (SIDS, 2007)), and 32-day NOEC = 3.47 mg total NH3/L for crustacea (Mysidopsis bahia) (SIDS, 2007).
If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (readily converted to nitrate in an aqueous environment (SIDS, 2007)), and because no bioaccumulation is estimated: there is elimination mechanism for this substance since it is formed during protein degradation process in vivo.
From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- - This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.


NOTE:
  • GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
  • Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
  • This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
  • Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
  • A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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