Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 96-23-1 |
Chemical Name | 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol |
Substance ID | 23B5518 |
Classification year (FY) | FY2011 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | Physical Hazards & Health Hazards: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government (July, 2010) Environmental Hazards: UN GHS Document (4th revised edition) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Category 4 |
Warning |
H227 |
P370+P378
P403+P235 P210 P280 P501 |
All flash points of 86 deg C [closed-cup] (MSDS (Sigma-Aldrich) (2011)), 74 deg C [open-cup] (NFPA (14th, 2010), CRC (91st, 2010), ICSC (2008), HSDB (2003)), and 88 deg C [unknown test method] (Ullmanns (E) (6th, 2003)) are > 60 deg C and <= 93 deg C. Therefore, it corresponds to Category 4. |
7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine and oxygen (but not fluorine) which are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen. |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure. |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 3 |
Danger |
H301 |
P301+P310
P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501 |
Four LD50 values for rats (81 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)), 110 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003)), 120 mg/kg (JECFA 1039 (2002)), 140 mg/kg (JECFA 1039 (2002))) were reported, and all correspond to Category 3. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Category 3 |
Danger |
H311 |
P302+P352
P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501 |
There are reports on three LD50 values for rabbits (590 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)), 800 mg/kg (JECFA 1039 (2002)), 0.8 mL/kg (= 1,081 mg/kg) (DFGMAK-Doc.1 (1991))), two correspond to Category 3, and one corresponds to Category 4. It was classified in Category 3, to which most corresponded. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Category 2 |
Danger |
H330 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501 |
It was classified in Category 2 based on an LC50 value of 125 ppm/4 hours for rats (JECFA 1039 (2002)). Besides, because the LC50 value (125 ppm) was lower than 90% of the saturated vapour pressure concentration (987 ppm), the reference value of gases was applied as a vapour with little mist. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H315 |
P302+P352
P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321 |
It was classified in Category 2 because it was reported to be irritating in a test by 24-hour open application of 0.01 mL of undiluted this substance to rabbits (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). Besides, there are also reports that it was mildly irritating or slightly irritating (DFGMAK-Doc (1991), JECFA 1039 (2002)). |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2A |
Warning |
H319 |
P305+P351+P338
P337+P313 P264 P280 |
It was classified in Category 2A because it was assessed as severe irritation (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)) or irritation and moderately severe damage (JECFA 1039 (2002)) in eye irritation tests with rabbits. |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" based on negative results in both a micronucleus test with bone marrow after oral administration to rats (OECD TG 474) and a micronucleus test with peripheral blood after oral administration to mice (both, in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity tests) (JECFA 1145 (2007), NTP DB G11538 (Access on Sep. 2011)). Besides, it was reported to be negative in an unscheduled DNA synthesis test with hepatocytes after oral administration to rats (in vivo somatic cell genotoxicity test; OECD TG 486), and as for in vitro tests, it was reported to be positive in an Ames test, gene mutation tests with lymphoma cells or prostate fibroblast of mice, and a chromosomal aberration test with CHO cells (NTP DB 843274 (1984), Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
It was classified in Category 2 because IARC classified it in Group 2B for carcinogenicity (IARC News: 101 (2011)). Besides, the EU classified it in Category 2 (R45) (EC-JRC (ESIS) (Access on Sep. 2011)). Also, it is reported that the results of a 104-week drinking water administration test with rats (OECD TG 453, GLP) strongly suggest carcinogenicity in the liver, kidney, tongue and oral cavity, and thyroid (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Data are lacking. Besides, it is reported that as a result of 8-day gavage administration of 100 mg/kg/day to three male rats followed by mating and observation of implanted embryos on a gestational day 9 or 10, there was no copulation for one pair and no embryogenesis in another pair, and the other showed a normal number of implantations, but it was impossible to determine the effects of the test substance due to a small number of animals and limited test items (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (liver), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) |
Danger Warning |
H370
H335 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
As an accident case report in humans, six out of 12 men engaged in cleaning a saponification tower to synthesize epichlorohydrin developed acute hepatic disorders, and two of them died. Both the men complained of general malaise, nausea, and vomiting after work, and hepatomegaly, marked increases in AST and ALT, extended prothrombin time, etc. were observed, and they were diagnosed with fulminant hepatitis, and this substance was detected in the serum and plasma (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). Also, in animal tests, it is described that acute toxicity by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration is mainly liver defect, and severe vacuolar degeneration, fatty degeneration, focal necrosis, etc. of hepatocytes were observed, showing pathologic state for fulminant hepatitis (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (liver). On the other hand, it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) because it is described that this substance is severely irritating to the mucous membranes, and inhalation causes cough, tachypnea, and wheezing (HSDB (2003)). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (liver, kidney, blood), Category 2 (nasal cavity) |
Danger Warning |
H372
H373 |
P260
P264 P270 P314 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 (liver) because fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was observed at or above 80 ppm (6.3-9.6 mg/kg/day) in a 104-week repeated oral administration test with rats (OECD test guideline, GLP), and enlargement of nucleoli of hepatocytes was found at or above 10 mg/kg/day in a 13-week repeated oral administration test with rats (US EPA TSCA test guideline, GLP) (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). There was an increase in urine protein at or above 240 ppm (19.3-30 mg/kg/day) in a 104-week repeated oral administration test with rats, and multifocal degeneration of renal tubules was seen at or above 10 mg/kg/day, corresponding to the upper limit of the guidance values for Category 1, in the 13-week repeated oral administration test (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (kidney). Furthermore, it was classified in Category 1 (blood) because hemosiderin deposits in Kupffer cells and decreases in hemoglobin level and hematocrit value were observed at or above 80 ppm (6.3-9.6 mg/kg/day) in the 104-week repeated oral administration test. Moreover, in the 13-week repeated oral administration test, histopathological changes in the nasal cavity (nasoturbinate adhesion, degeneration of the olfactory mucosa, hyperplasia of the respiratory and olfactory mucosa, etc.) were reported at 100 mg/kg/day (Initial Risk Assessment Report 201 (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 2 (nasal cavity). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" because data above 100 mg/L were obtained for fish, crustacea, and algae (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 1996); Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - |
If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being rapidly degradable (BOD: 84, 86, 0%, TOC: 99, 96, 40%, GC: 100, 100, 51% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1986)), and 21-day NOEC = 6.25 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2008)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to 96-hour LC50 > 100 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes), and being not water-insoluble (water solubility = 99,000 mg/L (PHYSPROP Database, 2009)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified." |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
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