NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Benzyl chloride
CAS：100-44-7

Result：


ID:	21B3090
Classifier:	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified:	FY2009
Reference Manual:	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2	Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Not aerosol products
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Category 4	-	Warning	H227: Combustible liquid	P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction. P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Flash point 67 degC (closed-cup) (ICSC (2004)) is >60 degC and <=93 degC.
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Auto-ignition point is 585 degC (ICSC (2004)) exceeding 70 degC.
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine (but not fluorine or oxygen) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available. Information is available that the substance attacks many metals in presence of water (ICSC (2004)).

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity （Oral）	Category 4		Warning	H302: Harmful if swallowed	P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P330: Rinse mouth. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on LD50 values of 440 - 1230 mg/kg (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)) and 1231 mg/kg (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)) for rats, the substance was classified into Category 4.
1	Acute toxicity （Dermal）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on a LDLo value of 10 mL/kg (11000 mg/kg) for guinea pigs (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)), the substance was classified as "Not classified".
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours）	Category 1		Danger	H330: Fatal if inhaled	P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P284: Wear respiratory protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P320: Specific treatment is urgent （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on LC50 values of 0.74 mg/L/2h (4-hour equivalence: 0.52 mg/L = 100 ppmV) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)) and 150 ppmV/2h (4-hour equivalence: 106 ppmV) (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) for rats, the category with higher hazard was adopted and the substance was classified into Category 1. Since the test concentration was lower than 90% of saturated vapour pressure concentration (1618 ppmV), the classification criteria for gas was adopted.
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1		Danger	H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage	P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on reports of "severe reddening, swelling and subsequent necrotic changes" in a rabbit 24-hour skin irritation test (SIDS (1998)) and "very severe irritation to skin, eyes and mucosa" in human research (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) (2004)), the substance was classified into Category 1. In EU classification, the substance is classified into Xi; R37/38-41 (EU-Annex I (2006)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1		Danger	H318: Causes serious eye damage	P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Based on a report that "the substance is corrosive to the eyes, and the vapour is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract" (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)) and classification as Xi; R41 in EU classification, the substance was classified into Category 1. Instillation into rabbit eye caused slight reddening and swelling of the conjunctiva and temporary clouding of the cornea (BUA 188 (1996)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Although there is a sensitizing result in a guinea pig intradermal sensitization test (SIDS (1998)), this is data from an earlier time (1936). In addition, this test was not conducted using a recommended method, and details of results are unknown. Therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of other data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on negative results in micronucleus tests by oral administration (NITE CHRIP (2008), IARC 71 (1999)), intraperitoneal administration (IARC 71 (1999)) and subcutaneous administration (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2008)) to mice (in vivo mutagenicity tests), the substance was classified as "Not classified". As relevant information, from in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of a positive Ames test and a positive CHO cell gene mutation test (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2008)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2		Warning	H351: Suspected of causing cancer	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on the classification of "A3" in ACGIH (ACGIH (1996)), the substance was classified into Category 2. In 2-year oral tests, the only statistically significantly increased incidence of neoplasms in the rats (female only) was for thyroid C cell tumors (ACGIH (2001)) and a statistically significantly increased incidence of papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach was observed in mice of each sex (ACGIH (2001)). As relevant information, combined exposures to alpha-chlorinated toluene and benzoyl chloride are classified into "B2" in EPA (1994) (IRIS (2006)), and as "Group 2A" in IARC (IARC vol. 71 (1999)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	In developmental toxicity tests in rats and rabbits by oral administration during the organogenesis period, there was no detrimental effect on fetal development in either species (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). However, classification was not possible due to lack of data for sexual function and fertility. In another test in rats by oral administration during the gestation period, increased embryo mortality was observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)). However, the result was not used as the basis for the determination of classification since there is a report that the reliability of data is not confirmed due to unknown details (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory system, nervous system)		Danger	H370: Causes damage to organs (respiratory system, nervous system)	P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	The substance is severely irritating to mucosa. Vapor irritates the respiratory tract, and massive exposure causes pulmonary edema, quadriplegia, unconsciousness, and sometimes death (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 3 (2004)). There is a case report of a worker exposed at 10 mg/m3 who showed asthenia and dysautomonia at the time of health examination (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 3 (2004)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory tract, nervous system). As for animals, decrease in locomotor activity and sedation were observed in rats following oral administration (Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP) (2008)). Irritative symptoms in the respiratory tract, paralysis and pulmonary edema are reported in cats following inhalation exposure (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (liver, nervous system, respiratory system), Category 2 (heart)		Danger Warning	H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (liver, nervous system, respiratory system) H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (heart)	P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Workers apparently exposed regularly to substance concentrations of 10 mg/m3 or higher complained of weakness, tiredness, headaches, anorexia and insomnia. Medical examination of these workers revealed liver function disorders with increased serum bilirubin levels. Neurological symptoms such as tremor were also observed (DFGOT vol. 6 (1994)). In a 26-week oral test (3 times weekly) in mice, moderate to severe hyperplasia was observed in the liver (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Based on the data (of human cases primarily), the substance was classified into Category 1 (liver, nervous system). In a 3-week inhalation test in mice, severe lesions in respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium were observed at 240 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 40 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). In a 5-week inhalation test in rats, respiratory disorder was observed at 530 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 206 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Additionally, in a 5-week inhalation test in guinea pigs, chronic pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were observed at 180 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 69 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Since these findings were noted at dose levels within the guidance value range for Category 1, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system). In a 26-week oral test (3 times weekly) in rats, necrosis of myocardium was observed in the females at 62 mg/kg/day and higher levels. In an oral test in rats (male: 37 weeks, female: 27 weeks), significantly increased incidences of hyperplasia and focal necrosis of myocardium were observed in both sexes at 62 mg/kg/day (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 2 (heart). Degeneration in the thyroid gland noted in the males of 30 mg/kg/day group in a 2-year oral test (3 times weekly) with rats was accompanied by increased incidence of thyroid tumor. This data was used as the basis of classification of carcinogenicity, and was not used as the basis of this classification.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute）	Category 1		Warning	H400: Very toxic to aquatic life	P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Classified into Category 1 from its 96h-LC50 = 140 microg/L for Crustacea (Marsupenaeus) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment), Vol. 4, 2005, etc).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Classified into Not classified since it is rapidly degradable (BOD degradation rate: 70.9% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1975)) and low bioaccumulative potential is estimated (log Kow = 2.3 (PHYSPROP Database, 2009)).
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：

Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）