NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Vinyl chloride
CAS：75-01-4

Result：


ID:	21B3089
Classifier:	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified:	FY2009
Reference Manual:	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
2	Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases）	Category 1		Danger	H220: Extremely flammable gas	P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. P377: Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. P381: Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. P403: Store in a well-ventilated place.	Classified into Category 1 since lower explosive limit is 3.6 vol% in ICSC (2000). The substance containing stabilizers is classified into Division 2.1 in UNRTDG (UN1086).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Combustible gas
5	Gases under pressure	Low pressure liquefied gas		Warning	H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated	P410+P403: Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.	The substance is classified as "Low pressure liquefied gas" since critical temperature is 151.5 degC (HSDB (2005)).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Test methods applicable to gaseous substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity （Oral）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on a LD50 value of >4000 mg/kg bw for rats (SIDS (access on May 2009)), the substance was classified into "Not classified" in JIS Classification (correspond to Category 5 or "Not classified" in GHS classification).
1	Acute toxicity （Dermal）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on LC50 values of 152,880 ppm/2h (4-hour equivalence: 108,102 ppm), 200,000 - 250,000 ppm/2h (4-hour equivalence: 141,421 - 176,777 ppm) (SIDS (access on May 2009)) and 150,000 ppm/2h (4-hour equivalence: 106,066 ppm) (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005)) for rats, the substance was classified as "Not classified".
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2		Warning	H315: Causes skin irritation	P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.	Erythema and second-degree burns were reported in a worker after accidental exposure to liquid vinyl chloride. He recovered without sequelae (EHC 215 (1999)). Based on the report, the substance was classified into Category 2.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2		Warning	H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on positive results from in vivo mouse micronucleus tests (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)) and monitoring analysis of human peripheral lymphoma chromosome (ATSDR (2006)) (in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity tests), the substance was classified into Category 2. As relevant information, there are reports of negative results in a mouse dominant lethal test and spot test (in vivo heritable mutagenicity tests) (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005)) and positive results in a sister chromatid exchange test and a DNA damage test (in vivo genotoxicity tests) (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)). From in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of positive chromosomal aberration tests using rat bone marrow and Chinese hamster V79 cells, and negative and positive Ames tests (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A		Danger	H350: May cause cancer	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on the classifications of "Group 1" in IARC (IARC suppl. 7 (1987)), "A1" in ACGIH (2001) (ACGIH-TLV (2005)), "A" in EPA (2000) (IRIS (2005)), "K" in NTP (NTP RoC (11th, 2005)) and "2" in Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendations for allowable concentrations (2004)), the substance was classified into Category 1A. Carcinogenic activity was evaluated in inhalation and oral tests in rats (30 - 52 weeks) and inhalation tests in mice and guinea pigs (30 - 52 weeks). Significantly increased incidences of tumors in various organs (angiosarcoma in the liver, nephroblastoma), fibrosarcoma in the mammary gland, pulmonary adenoma and adenocarcinoma) are reported (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005), IARC vol. 19 (1979)). Increased incidences of liver cancer and angiosarcoma following occupational exposure is reported in epidemiological tests (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)). Increased incidences of cancer in the brain and central nervous system and lung cancer are also reported (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2		Warning	H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Male rats were mated once following a 11 week exposure to the substance. A reduction in male fertility was observed based on the decreased ratio of pregnant to mated females (EHC 215 (1999)). The number of resorbed fetuses was significantly increased in rats exposed during day 1 - 9 of gestation (SIDS (access on May 2009)). Based on these data, the substance was classified into Category 2. In humans, it was reported that exposure of the substance caused male reproductive dysfunction (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005)). In an epidemiological test for congenital malformations, the rate of malformations for the three communities having PCV production plants was significantly higher than that in control areas. The greatest excess included malformations of the CNS, cleft lip and palate, and club foot (SIDS (access on May 2009)). However, the result was not used as the basis for the determination of classification since there is a report that the test data are not sufficient for a clear evaluation of human reproductive toxicity (EHC 215 (1999)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (narcotic effects)		Danger Warning	H370: Causes damage to organs (central nervous system) H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness (narcotic effects)	P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.	Volunteers inhaling 8,000 or 20,000 ppm of the substance for 3 minutes complained of nausea, dizziness, and headache (ACGIH (2001)). Exposure of workers to a 2.5% concentration of the substance for 3 minutes caused dizziness and disorientation (EHC215 (1999)). In workers who were occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride (compensation cases in Japan), poisoning symptoms, including dizziness, photophobia, vomiting and disorientation were observed following acute exposure, and severe arrhythmia, collapse, unconsciousness and sometimes death were observed following acute, high dose exposure (July 29, 1976, Kihatu No. 556). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (central nervous system). There is a report that the main symptoms after a single exposure are narcotic effects (DFGOT vol. 5 (1993)). In inhalation tests with rats, mice, guinea pigs and dogs, deep narcosis is reported (EHC215 (1999)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 3 (narcotic effects).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (liver, nervous system, blood vessels, blood, respiratory system, testis, bone)		Danger	H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (liver, nervous system, blood vessels, blood, respiratory system, testis, bone)	P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	There are a number of case reports describing adverse effects following occupational exposure to vinyl chloride (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005), IARC vol. 19 (1979)). Identification of the target organs and classification of the substance according to the adverse effects reported in occupationally exposed workers are as follows; Category 1 (liver) based on hepatic dysfunction, swelling of the liver, hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)); Category 1 (nervous system) based on neuropathy including polyneuropathy, cerebral and extrapyramidal motor neuron disorder, neurasthenia and depressive symptom (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)); Category 1 (blood vessel) based on Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's disease (IARC vol. 19 (1979)); Category 1 (blood) based on thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia and splenomegaly (IARC vol. 19 (1979)); Category 1 (respiratory tract) based on increase in death by pulmonary emphysema, respiratory failure and pulmonary fibrosis (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)); and Category 1 (bone) based on acro-osteolysis in the limbs and bone disorder (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2005)). As for animals, disorder in seminiferous tubules in the testis was observed in a dose-dependent manner in 3, 6 and 12-month inhalation (0.026 mg/L/6h: 10 ppm/6h) tests in rats (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 75 (2005)). Since these findings were observed at dose levels within the guidance value range for Category 1, the substance was classified into Category 1 (testis).
10	Aspiration hazard	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Gas (GHS definition)

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Classified into Not classified from its 96h-LC50 = 210 mg/L for fish (Zebrafish) (SIDS, 2001)
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	No reliable chronic toxicity data available. Classified into Not classified since its 96h-LC50 = 120 mg/L for fish (Zebrafish) (SIDS, 2001) and it is not non-water soluble (Water solubility = 11000 mg/L, PHYSPROP Database, 2009).
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.

NOTE:

* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：

Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）