GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：1,1,1-Trichloroethane
CAS：71-55-6

Result：
ID: 20A2377
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2008
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not classified - - - - No flash point (Hommel (1991) Card No. 196, Sax (8th, 1992) p. 2287-2288).
7 Flammable solid Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified - - - - Nonflammable. (Merck (Accessd in May 2005))
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - Nonflammable. (Merck (Accessd in May 2005))
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids.
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - The molecule contains chlorine (but not oxygen or fluorine), which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Not classified - - - - Based on its rat LD50 values of 10300 mg/kg (PATTY (4th, 1994), ATSDR (2004)) and 12996 mg/kg (ATSDR (2004)), the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category.
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Not classified - - - - Based on its rabbit LD50 values of 116000 mg/kg (ACGIH, 2001) and 15800 mg/kg (EHC 136 (1992)), the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Not classified - - - - Its rat LC50 values are 18000 ppm (3 hours), 18400 ppm (4 hours), 13000 ppm (6 hours), and 14250 ppm (7 hours) (EHC 136 (1992)). Given its vapour pressure and these LC50 values, we determined that these tests were conducted using vapours that are nearly in a gaseous phase. Consequently, vapour criteria were used to carry out classification of the substance. Given that 4-hour exposure LC50 values are 68.7-102.7 mg/L, the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Warning H315: Causes skin irritation P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 		Human exposure cases indicated that the substance is irritating (EHC 136 (1992), ATSDR (2004)), rabbit studies found the substance moderately irritating (EHC 136 (1992), ATSDR (2004)), and guinea pig studies found the substance moderately irritating (ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2004)). Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 2.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2 Warning H319: Causes serious eye irritation P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 		According to EHC 136 (1992) and ATSDR (2004), mild eye irritation was noted in human exposure cases; and according to EHC 136 (1992), PATTY (4th, 1994), and ATSDR (2004), mild or moderate eye irritation was observed in rabbits. Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 2.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
4 Skin sensitization Not classified - - - - Although one case of allergic contact dermatitis was found in the literature, the stabilizer added to the substance was not suspected as a possible cause of the symptom (ATSDR (2004)). Similarly, there was a case of allergic reaction to a detergent containing this substance, but the causal agent of the symptom was not identified (BUA 156 (1994)). Among 50 volunteers who received dermal application of this substance for 18 times during a 3-week period, no dermal allergic reaction was observed (BUA 156 (1994)). In the same way, signs of skin sensitization were not detected in tests using guinea pigs (BUA 156 (1994)). Based on these reports, we determined that the substance is not skin sensitizing and classified it into the "Not classified" category.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Dominant lethal tests using mice gave negative results (EHC 136 (1992)) and in vivo mutagenicity test using somatic cell (rat bone marrow chromosomal aberration tests and mouse bone marrow / mouse peripheral blood micronucleus tests) also gave negative results (EHC 136 (1992), IARC 71 (1999), NTP DB (accessed in August 2005), ATSDR (2004)). Thus, the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category.
6 Carcinogenicity Category 2 Warning H351: Suspected of causing cancer P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In carcinogenicity tests, increased incidences of the following were observed due to inhalation of the substance: peritoneal mesothelioma in male rats; Harderian gland adenomas, malignant lymphoma derived from the spleen, and bronchiolar / alveolar carcinomas in male mice; and hepatic adenomas and bronchiolar / alveolar carcinomas in female mice. These results indicated carcinogenic potential of the substance (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1996)). Thus, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare issued the Guidelines for Preventing Health Impairment by 1,1,1-trichloroethane (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Guidelines, 1997). Reflecting this information, the substance was classified into Category 2. The substance is also rated as "D" by the EPA, "Group 3" by IARC 71 (1999), and "A4" by ACGIH (7th, 2001); these classifications did not take into account the results mentioned above.
7 Reproductive toxicity Category 2 Warning H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In tests using rats, mice, or rabbits administered the substance before mating, during pregnancy, or during lactation; or in multiple-generation reproduction tests with mice, no adverse effects of the substance on reproductive functions and fertility were reported, other than minimal effects such as mutation and delayed ossification in fetuses and progeny being observed (EHC 136 (1992), PATTY (4th, 1994), IARC 71 (1989), NTP DB (accessed in August 2005), ATSDR (2004), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). On the other hand, in an inhalation exposure test using pregnant rats, increased mortality at birth and changes in behavior of the progeny were reported (ATSDR (2004)); thus, the substance was classified into Category 2. As additional background information, a clear relationship between reproduction toxicity and exposure of the substance was not indicated in epidemiological examinations documented by ATSDR (2004).
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (central nervous system, heart), Category 3 (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation) Danger
Warning 		H370: Causes damage to organs (central nervous system, heart)
H335: May cause respiratory irritation (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation) 		P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 		The cases of central nervous system depression are reported in humans exposed to the substance (EHC 136 (1992), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (4th, 1994), IARC 71 (1999), Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 1974), ATSDR (2004)). In addition, it is reported that the substance causes proarrhythmic activity that sensitizes the heart to epinephrine, resulting in cardiac arrhythmias (PATTY (4th, 1994), ATSDR (2004)). Based on these reports, we determined that the central nervous system and heart are the target organs and classified the substance into Category 1. Furthermore, cases of anesthetic effects are reported in humans exposed to the substance (ATSDR (2004), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), and cases of slight respiratory tract irritation are also reported in exposed humans (ATSDR (2004)). Therefore, the substance was classified into Category 3 for narcotic effects and respiratory tract irritation as well.
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (central nervous system, liver, heart), Category 2 (lung) Danger
Warning 		H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (central nervous system, liver, heart)
H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (lung) 		P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Symptoms of the central nervous system were noted in humans underwent repeated exposure to the substance (EHC 136 (1992), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (4th, 1994), IARC 71 (1999), Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 1974), ATSDR (2004)). Also, cardiac arrhythmia (ATSDR (2004)) and hepatic damage (EHC 136 (1992), IARC 71 (1999), ATSDR (2004)) were noted in humans repeatedly exposed to the substance. Thus, we determined that the central nervous system, heart, and liver are the target organs and classified the substance into Category 1 for these target organs. Furthermore, based on the report that effects on the lungs were noted in guinea pigs that inhaled moderate concentrations of the substance (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), the substance was classified into Category 2 (lung).
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） - - - - - -
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） - - - - - -


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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