GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Nickel(II) chloride
CAS：7718-54-9

Result：
ID: 20A2372
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2008
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solid Not classified - - - - Nonflammable (HSDB, 2006)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - Nonflammable (HSDB, 2006)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - Nonflammable (HSDB, 2006)
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified - - - - It is stable in contact with water (water solubility: 642 g/L at 20degC (Merck 13th, 2001)). It does not react with water (Weiss 2nd, 1986).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Classification not possible - - - - It is an inorganic compound containing chlorine. Due to lack of further information, classification is not possible.
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Inorganic compound
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Category 4 Warning H302: Harmful if swallowed P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P330: Rinse mouth.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on rat LD50 values of 430 mg/kg for male and 529 mg/kg for female (ECETOC TR 33, 1989), the substance was classified into Category 4. As an additional note, rat LD50 values for nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate (CAS: 7791-20-0) are 210 mg/kg for male and 175 mg/kg for female (ECETOC TR 33, 1989; Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0 No. 115, 2008).
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Warning H315: Causes skin irritation P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 		No animal test results are available. In humans, the threshold concentrations of nickel chloride solution for irritancy were 1% with occlusion and 10% without occlusion (EHC No. 108, 1991). And the substance is rated as Xi; R38 in the EU classification. Based on this information, the substance was classified into Category 2.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1 Danger H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It is rated as R42/43 in the EU classification (EU-Annex 1 (accessed in January 2009)). In addition, Nickel and its compounds are categorized into respiratory tract sensitizers (Group 2) in Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 2008). Similarly, they are rated as respiratory tract sensitizers by the DFG (MAK/BAT No. 43 (2007)). Based on these ratings, the substance was classified into Category 1.
4 Skin sensitization Category 1 Warning H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		The substance was found sensitizing in guinea pig maximization tests and by using Polak method (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). It is rated as R42/43 in the EU classification. In addition, Nickel and its compounds are categorized into skin sensitizers (Group 1) in Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 2008). Similarly, they are rated as skin sensitizers by the DFG (MAK/BAT No. 43 (2007)). Based on this information, the substance was classified into Category 1.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Since a dominant lethal test using rats or mice (EHC 108 (1991)) and two micronucleus assays using mouse bone marrow cells (EHC 108 (1991)) all gave negative results, the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category. As additional background information, chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamster bone marrow cells and thereof using mouse bone marrow cells both yielded negative results (IARC 49 (1990); ATSDR (2005)). Regarding in vitro mutagenicity tests, mutation test using Chinese hamster V79 cells and thereof using CHOAS52 cells gave positive results; mutation test using CHO cells gave negative results; gene mutation test using mouse lymphocytes gave positive results; Ames test gave negative results; and chromosomal aberration tests using mouse mammary carcinoma Fm3A cells, CHO cells, or human peripheral blood lymphocytes gave positive results (IARC 49, 1990; ATSDR, 2005; EHC No. 108, 1991; ECETOC TR 33, 1989).
6 Carcinogenicity Category 1A Danger H350: May cause cancer P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It is rated as "Group 1" by the IARC (IARC 49 (1990)), "Category 1" by the EU (EU-Annex 1 (2009)), "Group 1" by Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (2008)), and "K" by the NTP (NTP RoC (11th, 2005)). Based on these ratings, the substance was classified into Category 1A. Although one rat intramuscular injection test detected no signs of tumorigenesis (IARC vol. 49, 1990), another intramuscular injection test using male rats concluded that this substance promotes renal cancer (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). Moreover, abdominal tumors were confirmed in 4 of 32 rats (one rat with peritoneal mesothelioma and three with sarcomas) in an intraperitoneal injection test using female rats (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). In addition, soluble inorganic nickel compounds are rated as "A4" by ACGIH (ACGIH-TLV (2008)) and "D" by the EPA (IRIS (1991)).
7 Reproductive toxicity Category 1B Danger H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		The following have been observed in association with this substance: an increase in spontaneous abortions in oral administration tests using female mice (ATSDR, 2005): an increase in embryonic mortality in oral administration tests using female rats (IARC No. 49, 1990), an increased frequency of runts and greater prenatal and neonatal mortality (EHC No. 108, 1991); and teratogenic effects such as hydrocephalus, hydronephrosis, and heart defect in rats received intraperitoneal injection (IARC No. 49, 1990). Since clear cases of reproduction toxicity to progeny are noted at administration doses that do not cause general toxicity to parental animals, the substance was classified into Category 1B. In the EU classification, it is rated as Repr. Cat 2; R61.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 2 (nervous system) Warning H371: May cause damage to organs (nervous system) P309+P311: IF exposed or if you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In inhalation exposure tests using rats, hyperplasia of bronchiolar and bronchial epithelium with peribronchial lymphocyte infiltration was observed (EHC No. 108, 1991). However, since administration period is not provided, classification is not possible based on this study. In oral administration tests using rats, excitation and motor activity followed by depression of the nervous system were noted at the doses of 430 mg/kg (male) and 529 mg/kg (female), which fall under Category 2 guidance values (ECETOC TR 33, 1989). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 2 (nervous system).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 2 (lung, central nervous system) Warning H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (lung, central nervous system) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In a 90-day oral administration test using rats, pulmonary inflammation characterized by the accumulation of alveolar macrophages in alveoli, and atrophy of alveolar type II epithelial cells were observed for female (10/25 rats) and male rats (7/25 rats) given 35 mg/kg/day that falls under Category 2 guidance values (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 2 (lung). In addition, in a 77-day learning ability test, fewer rats given 20 mg Ni/kg/day administration, which falls under Category 2 guidance values, pushed the lever compared with control groups. According to the author, decreased frequency of pushing the lever is attributed to reduced basic perception, decreased coordinated movement, or loss of achievement motivation (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). In a 90-day oral administration test using rats, a 100% mortality and symptoms such as discoloration of the tip of the fur, salivation, loss of coordination, irregular respiration, hypothermia, and lethargy were noted in both sexes exposed to 100 mg/kg/day concentration, which is the upper limit of Category 2 guidance values, by the end of the experiment (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 115, 2008). Existing evaluation by ACGIH indicate that soluble inorganic nickel affects the central nervous system (ACGIH TLV-basis critical effects: central nervous system; ACGIH-TLV, 2004). Based on this information, the substance was classified into Category 2 (central nervous system).
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） - - - - - -
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） - - - - - -


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

To GHS Information