Chemical Name：acephate (ISO); O S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate
CAS：30560-19-1

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity （Oral）	Category 4		Warning	H302: Harmful if swallowed	P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P330: Rinse mouth. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on its rat LD50 values of 1400 mg/kg for males (in compliance with OECD TG) and 1000 mg/kg for females (in compliance with OECD TG) (JMPR (2005)), the substance was classified into Category 4. Its EU Risk Phrase is R22.
1	Acute toxicity （Dermal）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on its rabbit LD50 values of > 10,000 mg/kg (in compliance with OECD TG) (JMPR (2005)) or > 2000 mg/kg (in compliance with OECD TG) (JMPR (2005)), the substance was classified into "Not classified".
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (room temperature) (GESTIS (accessed in February 2009))
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists）	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Based on its rat LC50 of > 15 mg/L (OECD-compliant) (JMPR (2005)), the substance was classified into "Not classified". For this administration, an aerosol of aqueous solution was used.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	-	-	-	-	In dermal application tests using rabbits, 2 treated animals showed well-defined erythema 24 hours after application, 1 treated animal exhibited slight erythema in 48 hours, and all animals recovered to the normal in 72 hours, which translates to the primary irritation score of 0.1 (JMPR (2992)). Based on these results, the substance was classified into "Not classified".
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2A		Warning	H319: Causes serious eye irritation	P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.	In tests in which the substance was applied to the eyes of rabbits, conjunctival irritation, slight corneal opacity or iritis were observed, and these symptoms completely disappeared in 14 days (JMPR (2002)). Because recovery took more than 7 days, the substance was classified into Category 2A.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
4	Skin sensitization	Not classified	-	-	-	-	In modified Buehler tests and maximization tests using guinea pigs, the substance was documented to be not sensitizing (JMPR (2002)). In addition, in other maximization tests using 20 guinea pigs per group, no signs of sensitization were detected in animal groups who were treated with this substance, while a sensitizing reaction was observed in all animals in positive control groups (JMPR (2002)). Based on these results, the substance was classified into "Not classified".
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Since negative results were yielded in both micronucleus tests using bone marrow of mice that underwent intraperitoneal administration (in vivo mutagenicity tests using somatic cells) (JMPR (2002)), and somatic mutation tests using mice that underwent oral administration (JMPR (2002)), the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category. In other in vivo tests, negative results were reported in unscheduled DNA synthesis tests using rat hepatocytes (JMPR (2002)) while positive results were documented in comet assays using mouse leukocytes (HSDB (2007)). With respect to in vitro tests, Ames tests gave both negative and positive results, while mouse lymphoma assays yielded positive results.
6	Carcinogenicity	Not classified	-	-	-	-	In carcinogenicity tests using mice that underwent oral administration for 104 weeks, a significant increase in hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodules were detected only in females that were treated with the highest dose (approximately 170 mg/kg/d) (JMPR (2002)). In 28-month, repeated oral administration tests using rats, incidences of pheochlromocytoma increased in a dose-independent fashion; however, by comparing with historical control data on frequencies of tumorigenesis, the EPA (1985) concluded that the substance is not indicated to be carcinogenic to rats (IRIS (1993)). Since the EPA has rated the substance as C in their classification based on these results, it was classified into "Not classified".
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2		Warning	H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	According to 3-generation tests using rats, a decrease in mating ratio, the average number of offspring by 20-25%, and survival rates of offspring were documented (JMPR (2002)). Similarly, in other 3-generation tests using rats, a decrease in mating ratio, the average number of offspring, and survival rates of offspring until weaning were reported (JMPR (2002)). Furthermore, in the tests in which only male animals before mating were administered, a decrease in fertility and weight of the testes were documented (JMPR (2002)). Since these results are indicative of reproductive toxicity, the substance was classified into Category 2. No signs of teratogenicity were reported in these tests. Likewise, teratogenicity was not documented in administration tests using rats that were treated during the gestational period (JMPR (1976)), or two administration tests using rabbits that were treated during the gestational period (JMPR (1976), JMPR (2002)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system)		Danger	H370: Causes damage to organs (nervous system)	P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	In single oral administration tests using rats, at doses of 125 and 500 mg/kg, tremors and altered gait were observed, and brain cholinesterase activity was inhibited by 66-85% (JMPR (2002)). In addition, at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg, symptoms such as tremors, ataxia, decreased rotarod performance and body temperature as well as inhibition of cholinesterase activity were observed (JMPR (2002)). These results affirm that the substance is associated with nervous toxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase activity. In oral acute toxicity tests using rats or mice, signs of cholinergic syndrome were observed, while no pathological findings were detected by an autopsy (JMPR (2005)). From these results, the substance was classified into Category 1 (nervous system).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 2 (nervous system)		Warning	H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (nervous system)	P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	In repeated oral administration tests using rats that were treated with up to 89.7 mg/kg/d (90-day conversion: 49 mg/kg/d) for 49 days, neither clinical effects nor neurobehavioral effects were detected at any doses, but brain acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced by 80% (JMPR (2005)). On the other hand, in inhalation exposure tests using rats that were treated with up to 96 mg/m3 (90-day conversion: 0.022 mg/L) for 4 weeks, the inhibition of brain cholinesterase activity recovered to 83-84% of control values in 14 weeks; no other effects on haematological parameters, gross appearance post mortem or organ weights were found, while tremors were seen in both sexes (JMPR (2002)). In addition to these studies, repeated oral administration in rats that were applied with up to 58 mg/kg/d for 13 weeks resulted in showing no clinical signs related to the administration, and no effects of administration were detected in functional examinations (JMPR (2002)). While only few cases of nervous toxicity symptoms have been documented overall, since strong inhibitory effects on cholinesterase activity have been demonstrated, the substance was classified into Category 2.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute）	Category 2	-	-	H401: Toxic to aquatic life	P273: Avoid release to the environment. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Since its 96h LC50 = 1.3 mg/L for fish (rainbow trout) (Aquire 2008), the substance was classified into Category 2.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term）	Category 2		-	H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects	P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Since its classification for acute toxicity is Category 2, and it is not rapidly degradable (degradability after 28 days = 6%: OECD-TG 301B, NICNAS 1995), the substance was classified into Category 2.