GHS Classification Result
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
Reference：
Chemical Name：dipentene; limonene
CAS：138-86-3
Result：
| ID: | 20A2052 |
| Classifier: | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE） |
| Year Classified: | FY2008 |
| Reference Manual: | GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008） |
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
| Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules. |
| 2 | Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Not aerosol products. |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Category 3 |
|
Warning | H226: Flammable liquid and vapour |
P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction. P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. ? No smoking. P233: Keep container tightly closed. P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment. P242: Use only non-sparking tools. P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Its flash point is approximately 40degC (Hommel (1996), NFPA (13th, 2006)). |
| 7 | Flammable solid | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Its autoignition point is approximately >= 230degC (Hommel (1996), NFPA (13th, 2006)). |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
| Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity （Oral） | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on the rat LD50 of 5.3g/kg bw (CICADs (No.5, 1998)), the substance was classified into "Not classified". Regarding its health hazard, also refer to ID 20A2233, "(4R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene (also known as: d-limonene) CAS 5989-27-5," which is a constituent of dipentene. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity （Dermal） | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Since the rabbit LD50 is > 5g/kg (CICAD (No.5, 1998)), the substance was classified into "Not classified". |
| 1 | Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. According to ID 20A2233, "(4R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene (also known as: d-limonene) CAS 5989-27-5", which is a constituent of dipentene, is classified into Category 2. |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Category 1 |
|
Danger | H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Since long-term or repeated exposure to limonene were associated with respiratory effects such as difficulty in breathing and tightness in the chest (NICNAS (No.22, 2002)), the substance was classified into Category 1. |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1 |
|
Warning | H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction |
P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Since human patch tests resulted in positive reactions (NICNAS (No.22, 2002)) and guinea pig tests (maximization tests) (CICADs (No.5, 1998)) also found it sensitizing, the substance was classified into Category 1. According to the EU, the substance was classified into R43 (equivalent to Category 1) (EU-AnnexI, accessed July 2008). |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on negative results obtained from in vivo tests (mouse spot tests) (CICAD (No.5, 1998)), the substance was classified into "Not classified". Among in vitro mutagenicity tests, all tests: Ames tests, mouse lymphoma tests, chromosomal aberration tests using CHO cells of Chinese hamsters, and sister chromatid exchange tests, yielded negative results (CICADs 5 (1998), PATTY (5th, 2001)). |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. According to ID 20A2233, "(4R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene (also known as: d-limonene) CAS 5989-27-5," which is a constituent of dipentene, is classified into "Not classified". |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | In mice orally administered on 7-12 days gestation, fetuses exhibited a decrease in weight gain and increase in the incidence of abnormal bone formation (PATTY (5th, 2001)). However, it is not clear if these symptoms were attributed to maternal toxicity. Furthermore, the tests do not provide data on the reproductive functions and fertility of parental animals. As such, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible". |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. According to ID 20A2233, "(4R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene (also known as: d-limonene) CAS 5989-27-5," which is a constituent of dipentene, is classified into Category 1 (respiratory tract) and Category 3 (narcotic effects). |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | An increase in nasal or throat irritation was reported by workers in a facility where a limonene-based cleaner was stored in an uncovered tank (NICNAS (No.22, 2002)). However, since the link between these cases and the substance was unclear, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible". Occurrence of respiratory sensitization cases has been attributed to self-oxidization of a product with its main ingredient limonene (NICNAS (No.22, 2002)). According to ID 20A2233, "(4R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene (also known as: d-limonene) CAS 5989-27-5," which is a constituent of dipentene, is classified into Category 1 (digestive organs). |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
| Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） | Category 1 |
|
Warning | H400: Very toxic to aquatic life |
P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Since its 48-hour EC50 = 0.70mg/L for crustaceans (Daphnia magna) (Test for the Ecological Effect of Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment), 1998), the substance was classified into Category 1. |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） | Category 1 |
|
Warning | H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Its classification for acute toxicity is Category 1, it is rapidly degradable (BOD degradability: 41, 81, and 98%; degradability measured with GC: 100% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1980)), and it is estimated to have a potential of bioaccumulation (log Kow = 4.83 (> 4.0, NICNAS, 2002)). Based on the information, the substance was classified into Category 1. |
NOTE:
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* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. |
Reference：
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Reference Manual |
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Definitions / Abbreviations |
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Model Label by MHLW |
MHLW Website （in Japanese Only） |
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Model SDS by MHLW |
MHLW Website （in Japanese Only） |