GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：Titanium (powder)
CAS：7440-32-6

Result：
ID: 07-D27
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2007
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）
Technical Guidance Document on the GHS Classification （6 Dec, 2005）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solids Category 1 Danger H228: Flammable solids P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. ? No smoking.
P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 		Regarding this substance, mechanically manufactured powder with its particle diameter less than 53 microns and chemically manufactured power with its particle diameter less than 840 microns wetted with water are defined as UN1352 and Division 4.1 II by the UNRTDG, which is equivalent to Category 1. Since the dry form of the substance is more readily flammable, they are all classified into Category 1.
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Category 1 or Not classified Danger H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air P335+P334: Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. ? No smoking.
P222: Do not allow contact with air.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P422: Store contents under ... 		Dry powder products can be differentiated into the UNRTDG's UN2546, Division 4.2, packing group I, II, or III by tests. Products in packing group I are classified into Category 1 while those in packing groups II and III are classified into the "Not classified" category. (Products wetted with water are defined as UN1352 or the "Not classified" category.)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Category 1 or Category 2 Danger H251: Self-heating; may catch fire P235+P410: Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P407: Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P413: Store bulk masses greater than ... kg/... lbs at temperatures not exceeding ... degC/... degF.
P420: Store away from other materials. 		Dry powder products can be differentiated into the UNRTDG's UN2546, Division 4.2, packing group I, II, or III by tests. Products in packing group I and II are classified into Category 1 while those in packing group III are classified into Category 2. (Products wetted with water are defined as UN1352 or the "Not classified" category.)
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified - - - - Since the substance can be wetted with water, we determined that it is stable in contact with water and classified it into the "Not classified" category.
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Inorganic substance containing no oxygen and halogen atoms
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Inorganic substance
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, it is classified into the "Not classified" category based on the rat LD50 of > 10000 mg/kg (IUCLID, 2000) As additional background information, in studies on titanium compounds such as calcium titanate (suspended in corn oil), rat oral LD50 was more than 12 g/kg body weight (EHC 24 (1982)).
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, titanium dioxide is classified into the "Not classified" category based on approximate rabbit LD50 of > 10000 mg/kg bw (IUCLID, 2000).
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, titanium dioxide is classified into the "Not classified" category based on rat LC of > 6.82 mg/kg (dust, 4-hour exposure time) (IUCLID, 2000).
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, titanium dioxide was classified into the "Not classified" category based on the results that the substance was not irritating to the skin of rabbits (IUCLID, 2000).
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, titanium dioxide was classified into Category 2B based on the results that the substance was mildly irritating to the eyes of rabbits (IUCLID, 2000).
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, human patch-tests gave negative results (IUCLID, 2000) and thus, titanium dioxide was classified into the "Not classified" category.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible - - - - In evaluation of the biocompatibility of pure titanium and two different titanium alloys, titanium alloys were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of a guinea pig for 12 weeks and were immersed in calf serum or in Ringer's solution for 8 weeks?no evident surface changes were found (HSDB (2003)). In addition, both mutation assays (of Salmonella typhimurium TA98, S. typhimurium TA 100, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA) and unscheduled DNA synthesis tests, using the solutions in which the test substances were immersed, gave negative results (HSDB (2003)). Although these tests did not find mutagenic effects of titanium, due to lack of other appropriate test results, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, both mouse micronucleus tests and mouse chromosomal aberration tests gave negative results (NTP DB, 2005) and thus titanium dioxide was classified into the "Not classified" category.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible - - - - No evaluations have been carried out on carcinogenic effects of titanium by any assessment agencies. Thus, it is not classifiable. Regarding titanium dioxide, it is rated as "Group 3" by the IARC and "A4" by ACGIH, with both ratings indicating that titanium dioxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (IARC V47, 1989; ACGIH-TLV, 2005). According to the classification by the Japanese Government, titanium dioxide is classified into the "Not classified" category. Titanium powder (at least 200 mesh) injected intramuscularly in 6, monthly doses, each of which contained 6 mg in trioctanoin, induced 2 fibrosarcomas in 25 male and 25 female rats and lymphosarcomas in 3 male rats (EHC 24, 1982). No signs of carcinogenic effects were found in the following two tests: lead titanate suspended in physiological saline intratracheally administered to guinea pigs once every 3 months six times; and a 5 mg Ti/L concentration of titanium potassium oxalate in drinking water administered to mice during the span of their life (EHC 24, 1982). On the other hand, tianocene was shown to be carcinogenic, when suspended in trioctanoin and injected intramuscularly into rats once a month, to give a total administered dose of 200 mg (EHC 24, 1982). In addition to fibrosarcomas, hepatomas, and malignant lymphomas of the spleen were noted (EHC 24, 1982). Of 50 rats treated with titanium dioxide, only three rats developed a total of three fibrosarcomas (EHC 24, 1982). On the basis of these results, titanium has generally been considered to belong to the group of metals of low carcinogenicity (EHC 24, 1982).
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. In three-generation reproduction studies using rats administered titanium potassium oxalate (concentration 5 mg Ti/L) in the drinking-water, a marked reduction in the numbers of rats surviving to the third generation, reduction of the male/female ratio, and a trend in increased tendency in occurrence of fetal runts through the first, second, and third generations were noted (EHC 24 (1982)).
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, fumes of titanium dioxide irritate the respiratory tract (HSDB, 2005). Based on this report, titanium dioxide is classified into Category 3 (respiratory irritation).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Classification not possible - - - - Since no test results on the substance are available, classification is not possible. According to the classification of titanium dioxide by the Japanese Government, pneumoconiotic changes, which were not associated with the changes in lung function, were revealed in X-ray examinations in few of the workers who had been occupationally exposed to titanium dioxide dust for more than 20 years (DFGOT vol. 2, 1991). Based on this report, titanium dioxide is classified as Category 1 (lung (inhalation)). In acute and subacute administration tests, titanium dioxide did not show toxic effects on the lung (EHC 24 (1982). Similarly, the tests in which guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats, and a dog were fed a diet containing titanium dioxide for 390 days did not cause any adverse effects in the animals (EHC 24 (1982)). In addition, the administration of titanium potassium oxalate in drinking-water at a concentration of 5 mg Ti/L to mice during their life span did not have any effects.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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