GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name:Pentane
CAS:109-66-0

Result:
ID: 958
Classifier: Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified: FY2006
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual (10 Feb, 2006)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Category 2 Danger H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.
P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P233: Keep container tightly closed.
P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment.
P242: Use only non-sparking tools.
P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Flash point: <23degC, Initial boiling point: >35degC
7 Flammable solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties present in the molecule.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified - - - - Flash point: 260degC (NFPA, 12th, 1997, p.325-77)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metaloids(B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine and chlorine.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Containing no -0-0- structure
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Liquid at a test temperature, 55degC. Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Not classified - - - - After 2000mg/kg single time oral administration, no rats died and no expressed systemic toxicity. In addition, there was description that LD50 > 2000mg/kg (EU-RAR, 2003), it was considered as out of category.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Classification not possible - - - - Classification not possible due to lack of data
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable - - - - Liquid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Not classified - - - - Based on rat LC50 (2 hours): 98662ppm (4 hour equivalent: 205.45mg/L (EU-RAR, 2003)), this concentration suggest vapor with almost no mist from its vapor pressure. So it was classified as out of Category.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible - - - - No data available
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Not classified - - - - It is described that there is stimulativeness, such as a pain, burning sensation, and a blister, by skin application as a volunteer (test conditions, such as dosage, were unknown) (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). But from description that there was no stimulativeness to the human skin by the 24-hour patch test in the humans (EU-RAR (2003)), and that there was no stimulativeness in practice by the skin irritation study in a rabbit (the erythema and dropsy with the average values of Draize score of 0.67), it was set as the outside of Category.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2B - Warning H320: Causes eye irritation P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
In the eye irritation tests with the rabbits, transient conjunctivitis was admitted, however, it recovered within 72 hours (EU-RAR (2003)). So we classfied it as Category 2B also based on the other descriptions.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data
4 Skin sensitization Not classified - - - - Since it was indicated that there was no sensitizing property in the Maximisation Test using the guinea pigs in EU-RAR (2003), we classified it as Out Of Category.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Since it was negative in the micronucleus test which used the rat myeloid cells of in vivo (EU-RAR, 2003), it carried out the outside of Category.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible - - - - No data available
7 Reproductive toxicity Not classified - - - - There is no data of the reproductive examination using laboratory animals. However, in the 13-week repetition inhalation exposure examination using rats, the effects of administration of a substance is not observed grossly and histologically in genital tract of male and female rats in the highest exposure concentration group (20000mg/m3, 6 hours/day) (EU-RAR, 2003). Moreover, there is a description that no influence on dam and fetus was observed in the teratogenicity test by oral administration using rats, even at the highest dose of 1000mg/kg/day (EU-RAR, 2003). Therefore, it was out of the Category.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 3 (Narcotic effects, Respiratory tract irritation) Warning H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
H335: May cause respiratory irritation (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Because of a description in ACGIH (7th, 2001) referring to that there were anesthetic actions and respiratory irritant through inhalation exposure to laboratory animals, and of descriptions in ACGIH (7th, 2001), EU-RAR (2003), Patty (4th, 1994), and Japan Society for Occupational Health recommendation (1993) referring to that there were respiratory irritant and anesthetic actions through inhalation exposure to mice. So it was judged as Category 3 (anesthetic actions, respiratory irritant).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Not classified - - - - In the repetitive inhalation exposure test on rats (highest exposure concentrations: 6660ppm- 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks and 3000 ppm- 9 hours/day, 5 days/week for 30 weeks) (EU-RAR (2003)), and 16-week repeatitive inhalation exposure test on rats (the highest exposure concentrations : 3000 ppm, 12 hours/day, 7 days/week) (EU-RAR (2003), Patty (4th, 1994), and industrial hygiene society advice (1993)), it was observed no toxicity even with the highest exposure concentrations exceeding the guidance value for Category 2, and in long-term repetitive exposure of high concentration n-pentane on humans, it was reported to have no effects on central nervous systems (EU-RAR (2003)), therefore, it was classified as out of Category.
10 Aspiration hazard Category 1 Danger H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P331: Do NOT induce vomiting.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Since it is a hydrocarbon and the dynamic viscosity is 0.374mm2/s at 20 degrees C (calculated from the viscosity 0.234mPs-s, and the density of 0.62624g/cm3 at 20 degrees C), we classified it as Category 1.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 2 - - H401: Toxic to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
It was classified into Category 2 from 48-hour EC50=2.7mg/L of Crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2003).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Not classified - - - - Since rapidly degrading (BOD: 96% (existing chemical safety inspections data)), and less bio-accumulative (log Kow=3.39 (PHYSPROP Database, 2005)).


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference:
Reference Manual

Definitions / Abbreviations

Model SDS by MHLW

MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)


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