GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：Maleic anhydride
CAS：108-31-6

Result：
ID: 203
Classifier: Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified: FY2006
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - Containing no chemical groups with explosive properties
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
7 Flammable solids Not classified - - - - Classified as "flammable" by ICSC (2004). Classified into Class 8 (UN#2215 (solid), UN#2215 (molten)) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - Containing unsaturated bonds, with decomposition heat of 0.92kJ/g at temperatures in the range of 260 to 370degC according to Bretherick (J) (5th,1998). Classified into Division 6.1 and Class 8 (UN#2215 (solid), UN#2215 (molten)) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods).
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - Not pyrophoric when in contact with air at ordinary temperatures: the auto-ignition temperature is 477degC (ICSC, 2004).
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available (melting point: 53degC (ICSC, 2004), test temperature: 140degC).
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - Containing no metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At)
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing oxygen (but not fluorine and chlorine), with the oxygen bound to carbon and hydrogen (but not to other elements)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing no "-O-O-" structure
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Cannot be classified due to lack of data. Classified into "Corrosive Substances" by the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. However, the category includes skin corrosivity, and it is unclear whether the substance is classified as "metal" corrosive (UN#2215 (solid), UN#2215 (molten)).

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Category 4 Warning H302: Harmful if swallowed P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P330: Rinse mouth.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the LD50 value of 555mg/kg, calculated from the testing data of rat LD50 (oral route) of 850mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), 235mg/kg (female) , 400mg/kg, 409mg/kg (male), 495mg/kg, 824mg/kg, 840mg/kg, 900mg/kg, 1,100mg/kg and >1,050mg/kg (DFGOT vol.4 (1992)).
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Category 3 Danger H311: Toxic in contact with skin P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P322: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the rat LD50 (dermal route) value of 610mg/kg (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)) and rabbit LD50 value of 2,620mg/kg (DFGOT vol.4 (1992)).
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Due to the fact that the substance is "solid" according to the GHS definition and inhalation of its gas is not expected.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Category 1 Danger H330: Fatal if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P284: Wear respiratory protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P320: Specific treatment is urgent （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		No data available
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - Because the rat LC50 (4-hour inhalation) value of 38ppm (0.16mg/L when the conversion factor of 1ppm = 4.08mg/m3 was applied) (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)) exceeded the saturated vapour concentration (0.069ppm) under a saturated vapour pressure of 0.007Pa (20degC), the substance was considered as "dust exposure" and was classified into Category 2.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1A-1C Danger H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the description in the report on rabbit skin irritation tests (DFGOT Vol.4 (1992)): "application of wet powder with water caused necrosis" (though the results are not those of 4-hour application). The substance should be placed in Category 1A from the viewpoint of safety if further subclassification is needed.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Danger H318: Causes serious eye damage P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 		Based on the descriptions in the reports on rabbit eye irritation tests : "severe irritation, and occasionally, irreversible damage were observed" (DFGOT vol.4 (1992)); "severe and permanent congestion and corneal vascularization were found" (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1 Danger H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Due to the fact that the substance is reported as a "Respiratory sensitization Substance" by the ad hoc committee of the Japanese Society of Occupational Allergy (2004).
4 Skin sensitization Category 1 Warning H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the description in the report on Maximization tests on guinea pigs (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)): "sensitization: positive." Also due to the fact that the substance is reported as a "Skin Sensitizing Substance" by the ad hoc committee of the Japanese Society of Occupational Allergy (2004).
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Based on the absence of data on multi-generation mutagenicity tests and germ cell mutagenicity tests in vivo, and negative data on somatic cell mutagenicity tests in vivo (chromosome aberration tests), described in CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol.4 (1992) and NTP DB (Access on Mar., 2006).
6 Carcinogenicity Not classified - - - - Due to the fact that the substance is classified as Category A4 by ACGIH (2001).
7 Reproductive toxicity Not classified - - - - Based on no evidence of adverse effects on reproduction and development up to dose levels producing parental toxicity, described in CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001) and DFGOT vol.4 (1992).
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract), Category 2 (liver) Danger
Warning 		H370: Causes damage to organs (respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract)
H371: May cause damage to organs (liver) 		P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
P309+P311: IF exposed or if you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 		Based on the human evidence: "In a case of inadvertent inhalation exposure, the patient exhibited burning sensation in the eye and throat, coughing, dyspnea and vomiting immediately after inhalation of fumes. Gasping and rale occurred next morning. The patient was diagnosed with bronchial asthma" (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)). Also based on the evidence from animal studies: "some deaths from bronchial pneumonia were observed in inhalation studies" (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)), "oral administration caused hemorrhage of the liver and lung," "inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (dermal route)" (DFGOT vol.4 (1992)). The effects on experimental animals were observed at dosing levels within the guidance value ranges for Categories 1 and 2.
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, blood system), Category 2 (kidney, liver, spleen) Danger
Warning 		H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system, blood system)
H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (kidney, liver, spleen) 		P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the human evidence: "In one case, a worker who was occupationally exposed to maleic anhydride exhibited pulmonary edema," "irritation of the upper respiratory tract" (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), "stridor and short of breath," "coughing, irritation/burning sensation in the pharynx, photosensitivity and asthma" (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)), "asthma and hemolytic anemia" (DFGOT vol.11 (1998)), and the evidence from animal studies including "inflammation and hyperplasia of the nasal tissues" (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), "renal tubular dilatation and epithelial degeneration," "reduced RBC/ hematocrit levels," "alveolar hemorrhage" (CERI Hazard Data 2001-4 (2002)), "parenchymal atrophy of the liver/kidney/spleen" (HSDB (2005)), "adverse effects on the blood system" (IRIS (1988)). The effects on experimental animals were observed at dosing levels within the guidance value ranges for Categories 1 and 2. The effects on the kidneys, liver and spleen were observed at dosing levels within the guidance value ranges for Category 1. However, these effects are classified into Category 2 since the priority rating of the referenced study (HSDB) is 2.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Category 3 - - H402: Harmful to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It was classified into Category 3 from 72 hours ErC50=29mg/L of the algae (Scenedesmus) (CERI/NITE Hazard Assessment Report (preliminary version), 2006).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Not classified - - - - Since there was rapidly degrading (the decomposition by TOC: 85%(Existing Chemical Safety Inspections Data)) and the bio-accumulation was low (log Kow=1.62(PHYSPROP Database, 2005)), it was claasified into Not classified.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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