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GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：Lead
CAS：7439-92-1

Result：


ID:	168
Classifier:	Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified:	FY2006
Reference Manual:	GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2	Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Not aerosol products
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Non-combustible (ICSC (J) (2002))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties present in the molecule.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Non-combustible (ICSC (J), 2002)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Not combustible (ICSC(J) (2002))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Not cause a serious reaction with water. (Ullmanns (E), 5th, 1995, A15:193-195)
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Containing no oxygen , chlorine and fluorine.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Inorganic substance
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity （Oral）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
1	Acute toxicity （Dermal）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2		Warning	H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Although there are contradicting results about the chromosome aberration in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from people who are engaged in lead-related work (IARC suppl.7 (1987), EHC 3 (1977), DFGOTvol.17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), there are mentions of lead itself having chromosome aberrative/micronucleus inductive actions. So the substance was classified as Category 2.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2		Warning	H351: Suspected of causing cancer	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	It is classified into 2B according to IARC Supplement 7 (1987) and Japan Society for Occupational Health, and classified into A3 according to ACGIH (7th, 2001), and is classified into B2 according to EPA (IRIS (1993)). So it was set as Category 2.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1A		Danger	H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Since there is the description that there is the effect of sperm formation disorder in human exposure example (EHC 3 (1977), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOTvol.17 (2002)), and there is anovulation in the female occupation exposure example (EHC 3 (1977)), it is classified into the Category 1A. There is the description about the relationship with neonatal developmental disorder of recognitive function (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOTvol.17 (2002), PATTY (4th, 1994) and IARC 23 (1980)) and there is the relationship with the increase of miscarriage (DFGOTvol.17 (2002), and PATTY (4th, 1994)). But the obvious conclusion is not indicated.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Although there was a case report that renal dysfunction was observed in the acute intoxication in human (DFGOT, vol.17 (2002)), there was no kidney damage in the subsequent epidemiologic study in the same source of reference. So data is insufficient for making the kidney into target organ, therefore, it cannot be classified.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (hematopoietic system, kidney, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system)		Danger	H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (hematopoietic system, kidney, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system)	P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Due to the descriptions that the target organs were hematopoietic system, nervous system, kidney, and cardiovascular system in DFGOTvol.17 (2002), that heme synthesis inhibitors, nephropathy and brain diseases were observed in the human exposure examples in EHC 3 (1977), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (4th, 1994), and IARC 23 (1980), that it affects to the peripheral nerve and function of central nerve system in humans exposure examples in EHC 3 (1977), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (4th, 1994), that it affects to cardiovascular system, such as high blood pressure in human exposure examples in EHC 3 (1977), ACGIH (7th, 2001), that the immunosupressive effect was observed in human exposure examples in PATTY (4th, 1994), it is considered that the target organs were hematopoietic system, the kidney, central nervous systems, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system and immune system, and they all were classified into Category 1. Although there are the descriptions of the case reports of thyroid or adrenal hypofunctions in EHC 3 (1977), each case reports are before 1970, and there is no similar report after that, since there is the description that no effects was observed in the thyroid in DFGOTvol.17 (2002), the thyroid and the adrenal gland were not considered as for target organs.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Insufficient data available.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data

NOTE:

* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：

Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model SDS by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）