GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name:1,4-Dioxane
CAS:123-91-1

Result:
ID: 125
Classifier: Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified: FY2006
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual (10 Feb, 2006)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - Containing no chemical groups with explosive properties
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
6 Flammable liquids Category 2 Danger H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.
P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P233: Keep container tightly closed.
P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment.
P242: Use only non-sparking tools.
P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
The flash point is 12degC (c.c.) (ICSC, 1999) and the boiling point is 101degC, which is classified into Category 2. Classified into Class 3 and Packing Group II (UN#1165) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
7 Flammable solids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - Containing no chemical groups with explosive or self-reactive properties
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified - - - - Not pyrophoric when in contact with air at ordinary temperatures: the auto-ignition temperature is 180degC (ICSC, 1999)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - Containing no metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At)
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing oxygen (but not fluorine and chlorine), with the oxygen bound to carbon and hydrogen (but not to other elements)
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "liquid" according to GHS definition
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing no "-O-O-" structure
16 Corrosive to metals Not classified - - - - Classified into Class 3 (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, UN#1165)

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Not classified - - - - Based on the LD50 value of 5,559mg/kg calculated from the testing data of rat LD50 (oral route) of 5,170mg/kg (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)), 5,170mg/kg (DFGOT vol. 20 (2005)), 5,200mg/kg (IARC 11 (1976)), 5,345mg/kg (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), 5,400mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), 6,370mg/kg (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), 6,500mg/kg (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), 7,300mg/kg (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)), 7,339mg/kg (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)).
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 5 - Warning H313: May be harmful in contact with skin P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. Based on the rat LD50 (dermal route) of 2,100mg/kg (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)).
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable - - - - Due to the fact that the substance is "liquid" according to the GHS definition and inhalation of its gas is not expected.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Category 3 Danger H331: Toxic if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P311: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the LC50 value of 9,500ppm, calculated from the testing data of rat LC50 (2-hour inhalation of vapour) of 46mg/L (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)), 51.3mg/L (4 hours) (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), and 64.858mg/L (2 hours) (CERI Hazard Data 97-13 (1998)), was lower than 90% of the saturated vapour concentration (49,000ppm) under a saturated vapour pressure of 37mmHg (25degC) (equivalent to 4,900Pa (25degC) (HSDB (2005)), the substance was considered as "vapour containing substantially no mist" and was classified based on standard values expressed in ppm.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible - - - - No data available
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Warning H315: Causes skin irritation P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Based on the description in the report on animal skin irritation tests: "moderately irritating" (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)) and "causes moderate, reversible irritation" (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)).
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A-2B Warning H319: Causes serious eye irritation P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
The data about human health effects showed clear positive reactions (CERI Hazard Data Book (1998), CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment Report (2004) and RU-RAR No.21 (2002)). However, the severity of positive reactions were seemed not enough to classify as corrosive. Therefore, the substance was classified as Category 2A-2B. From the standpoint of safety, it may be better to classify Category 2A.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data available
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible - - - - Insufficient data available
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Based on the absence of data on germ cell mutagenicity tests and negative data on somatic cell mutagenicity tests in vivo, described in CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004), ATSDR (2004), EU-RAR (2002). Some in vivo micronucleus tests show positive, which experts consider to be insignificant.
6 Carcinogenicity Category 2 Warning H351: Suspected of causing cancer P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Due to the fact that the substance is classified as Category R by NTP (2005) and Group 2B by IARC (1999).
7 Reproductive toxicity Not classified - - - - Based on the description in CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004): The effects on weight reduction of the embryo and retarded sternal ossification are minimal; their toxicological significance is negligible.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (central nervous system, liver, kidney), Category 3 (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation) Danger
Warning
H370: Causes damage to organs (central nervous system, liver, kidney)
H335: May cause respiratory irritation (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
Based on the human evidence including "dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, pharyngitis, gastralgia, sleepiness, loss of consciousness (if inhaled) (MOE Risk Assessment vol. 2 (2003)), "adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver, kidneys and lung (if inhaled or ingested in high concentrations) (MOE Risk Assessment vol. 2 (2003)), "nasal/throat/pulmonary irritation (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), and the evidence from animal studies including "apathy, narcotic influence, staggering gait, loss of eyelid reflex, respiratory tract mucous membrane irritation" (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (kidney, liver, central nervous system), Category 2 (respiratory system) Danger
Warning
H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (kidney, liver, central nervous system)
H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system)
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the human evidence including "hemorrhagic nephritis, renal/hepatic necrosis" (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)), "hypertonia, neurological symptoms, renal failure, renal cortex necrosis associated with severe interstitial hemorrhage, severe centrolobular hepatocyte necrosis, demyelination, partial loss of nerve fibers" (EU-RAR No.21 (2002)), and the evidence from animal studies including "degeneration and reproduction of the renal tubular epithelium, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, hepatocyte hyperplasia, degeneration of the respiratory epithelium (CERI-NITE Hazard Assessment No.13 (2004)). The effects on experimental animals were observed at dosing levels within the guidance value ranges for Category 2.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Not classified - - - - It was classified into Not classified from 96 hours LC50>100mg/L of the fish (Oryzias Latipest) (MOE eco-toxicity tests of chemicals (1995) and others.).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Not classified - - - - Since it was not water-insolubility (the water-solubility =1.00*106mg/L (PHYSPROP Database, 2005)), and acute toxicity was low, it was classified into Not classified.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference:
Reference Manual

Definitions / Abbreviations

Model Label by MHLW

MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)

Model SDS by MHLW

MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)


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